Country music
Stylistic origins	Appalachian folk music,bluegrass, gospel, western swing, Anglo-Celtic music, old-time music, blues, Irish music
Cultural origins	1920s, Southern United States
Typical instruments	Vocals, guitar, drums, fiddle,bass guitar, mandolin, banjo,double bass, piano, keyboard,dobro, electric guitar, steel guitar,pedal steel guitar, harmonicaharp
Derivative forms	Rock and roll, dansband, roots rock, southern rock, heartland rock
Subgenres
Bakersfield sound - Close harmony - Honky tonk - Jug band - Lubbock sound - Nashville sound - Neotraditional country - Outlaw country- Red Dirt - Western swing - Texas country
Fusion genres
Alternative country - Country rock - Psychobilly -Rockabilly - Gothabilly - Cowpunk - Country-rap- Country pop - Country soul - Sertanejo -Southern soul
Other topics
Country musicians - List of years in country music
2014 in country music

Country music is a genre of American popular music that originated in Southern United States in the 1920s.^[1] It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of American folk music and Western music. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.^[2] Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars,fiddles, and harmonicas.^[3][4][5]

The term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century. The termcountry music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States.^[6]

鄉村音樂
文體的起源	阿巴拉契亞民間音樂，蘭草，福音，西部搖擺，盎格魯-凱爾特音樂，舊時的音樂，藍調，愛爾蘭音樂
文化淵源	20世紀20年代，美國南部
典型儀器	主唱，吉他，鼓，小提琴，低音吉他，曼陀林，班卓琴，低音提琴，鋼琴，鍵盤，多布羅，電吉他，夏威夷吉他，踏板鋼鐵吉他，口琴 豎琴
衍生形式	搖滾，dansband，根石，南石，石腹地
其他風格
貝克斯菲爾德的聲音 - 關閉和諧 - 低級夜總會 -壺帶 - 拉伯克的聲音 - 納什維爾之聲 - 新傳統的國家 - 奧特洛國家 - 紅土 - 西盪 - 德州國
融合流派
另類鄉村 - 鄉村搖滾 - PSYCHOBILLY - 搖擺舞曲- Gothabilly - Cowpunk - 國家說唱 - 國家流行 -國家的靈魂 - Sertanejo - 南方靈魂
其他主題
國家音樂家 - 多年從事鄉村音樂列表
2014年鄉村音樂

鄉村音樂是一個流派的美國流行音樂起源於美國南部在20世紀20年代。^[ 1 ]它需要它的根從東南流派美國民間音樂和西方音樂，藍調模式已被廣泛使用在其整個歷史記載。^[ 2 ]鄉村音樂往往由民謠和舞蹈樂曲與一般簡單的形式和和聲伴隨著大多的弦樂器，如班卓琴，電，吉他，小提琴，口琴和。^{[ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]}

術語鄉村音樂獲得了普及，在20世紀40年代優先於較早期限鄉巴佬音樂 ; 它來涵蓋西方音樂，從而演變平行鄉巴佬音樂類似根莖，在20世紀中期。術語鄉村音樂今天是用來形容許多風格和其他風格。2009年鄉村音樂是最聽，晚上下班期間高峰時段廣播流派和第二個最流行 ​​的，在美國的早晨上班。^[ 6 ]

Early origins[edit]

Ryman Auditorium, the "Mother Church of Country Music"

Immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their most important valuables with them, and to most of them this was an instrument: "Early Irish settlers enjoyed the fiddle because it could be played to sound sad and mournful or bright and bouncy."^[7] The Irish fiddle, the German-derived dulcimer, the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West Africanbanjo^[8] were the most common musical instruments.

According to historian Bill Malone in Country Music U.S.A, country music was "introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon."^[9] In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural strains, combining musical traditions of a variety of ethnic groups in the region. For example, some instrumental pieces from Irish immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads that form what is now known as old-time music, from which country music descended. It is commonly thought thatScots Irish folk music heavily influenced the development of old-time music in the Southern Appalachians, where the earliest European settlers hailed principally from Northern Ireland.

Country music is often erroneously thought of as solely the creation of European Americans. However, a great deal of style—and of course, the banjo, a major instrument in most early American folk songs—came from African Americans. One of the reasons country music was created by African Americans, as well as European Americans, is because blacks and whites in rural communities in the south often worked and played together, just as recollected by DeFord Bailey^[11] in the PBS documentary, DeFord Bailey: A Legend Lost.^[12] Influential black guitarist Arnold Shultz, known as the primary source for thumb style, or Travis picking, played with white musicians in west-central Kentucky.^[13]

早期的起源[ 編輯]

賴曼大禮堂中，“母親教會鄉村音樂”

移民到南部的阿巴拉契亞山脈北美帶來的音樂和舊世界的手段與他們相處了將近300年。他們帶來了他們的一些最重要的貴重物品和他們在一起，和他們大多這是一個工具：“愛爾蘭早期的定居者所享有的小提琴，因為它可以播放聲音傷心和悲哀或明亮和有彈性” ^[ 7 ]愛爾蘭小提琴，德國衍生揚琴，意大利曼陀林，西班牙吉他，和西非班卓琴^[ 8 ]是最常見的樂器。

據歷史學家比爾·馬龍在鄉村音樂美國，鄉村音樂是“介紹給世界的南部現象。” ^[ 9 ]在南方，民間音樂是文化張力相結合，在結合各種民族音樂傳統的區域。例如，一些器樂作品從愛爾蘭移民的人形成現在所謂的民間歌謠的基礎舊時的音樂，來自哪個國家的音樂的後裔。人們普遍認為蘇格蘭的愛爾蘭民間音樂影響較深舊時代的音樂在南阿巴拉契亞山脈， ​​這裡最早的歐洲定居者從喻為主要發展北愛爾蘭。

鄉村音樂經常被錯誤地認為是純粹的創作歐裔美國人的。然而，大量的風格，當然，班卓琴，在大多數的主要工具早期的美國民歌，來到非洲的美國人。其中一個原因，鄉村音樂是由非裔美國人，以及歐洲的美國人創建的，是因為黑人和農村社區的工作經常在一起玩耍嬉戲，南，就像回憶由白人德福特貝利^[ 11 ]在PBS的紀錄片，德福特貝利：一個失落的傳說。^[ 12 ]有影響力的黑人吉他手阿諾德·舒爾茨，被稱為拇指風格的主要來源，或者特拉維斯採摘，打了白人音樂家中西部肯塔基。^[ 13 ]

First generation (1920s)[edit]

Vernon Dalhart

Jimmie Rodgers

Atlanta's music scene played a major role in launching country's earliest recording artists in the early 1920s — many Appalachian people had come to the city to work in its cotton mills and brought their music with them. It would remain a major recording center for two decades and a major performance center for four decades, up to the first country music TV shows on local Atlanta stations in the 1950s.^[14]

Some record companies in Atlanta turned away early artists such as Fiddlin' John Carson, while others realized that his music would fit perfectly with the lifestyle of the country's agricultural workers.^[15] The first commercial recordings of what was considered country music were "Arkansas Traveler" and "Turkey in the Straw" by fiddlers Henry Gilliland & A.C. (Eck) Robertson on June 30, 1922, for Victor Records and released in April 1923.^[16][17] Columbia Records began issuing records with "hillbilly" music (series 15000D "Old Familiar Tunes") as early as 1924.^[18]

A year later, on June 14, 1923, Fiddlin' John Carson recorded "Little Log Cabin in the Lane" for Okeh Records.^[19] Vernon Dalhartwas the first country singer to have a nationwide hit in May 1924 with "Wreck of the Old 97".^[20][21] The flip side of the record was "Lonesome Road Blues", which also became very popular.^[22] In April 1924, "Aunt" Samantha Bumgarner and Eva Davis became the first female musicians to record and release country songs.^[23]

Many "hillbilly" musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the decade^[24] and into the 1930s. Other important early recording artists were Riley Puckett, Don Richardson, Fiddlin' John Carson, Uncle Dave Macon, Al Hopkins, Ernest V. Stoneman, Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers and The Skillet Lickers.^[25] The steel guitar entered country music as early as 1922, when Jimmie Tarlton met famed Hawaiian guitarist Frank Ferera on the West Coast.^[26]

Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are widely considered to be important early country musicians. Their songs were first captured at a historic recording session in Bristol, Tennessee, on August 1, 1927, where Ralph Peer was the talent scout and sound recordist.^[27][28] A scene in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? depicts a similar occurrence in the same timeframe.

Rodgers fused hillbilly country, gospel, jazz, blues, pop, cowboy, and folk, and many of his best songs were his compositions, including "Blue Yodel",^[29] which sold over a million records and established Rodgers as the premier singer of early country music.^[30][31]

Beginning in 1927, and for the next 17 years, the Carters recorded some 300 old-time ballads, traditional tunes, country songs and gospel hymns, all representative of America's southeastern folklore and heritage.^[32]

第一代（1920年）[ 編輯]

弗農達爾哈特

吉米·羅傑斯

亞特蘭大樂壇發動全國最早的錄像藝術家在20世紀20年代初期發揮了重要作用-許多阿巴拉契亞人來到這個城市在棉紡廠工作，帶來了他們的音樂與他們。它仍然是一個重大的錄音中心，二十年和四十年的主要表演中心，到第一個鄉村音樂電視節目在當地電台亞特蘭大在20世紀50年代。^[ 14 ]

一些唱片公司在亞特蘭大轉身走了早期的藝術家，如Fiddlin“約翰·卡森，而其他人意識到他的音樂將完全適合與該國的農業勞動者的生活方式。^[ 15 ]什麼被認為是鄉村音樂的第一個商業錄音是“阿肯色旅行者“和” 土耳其在稻草 “由小提琴手亨利·吉利蘭和交流（伊克）羅伯遜於1922年6月30日，為勝者紀錄並發布於1923年四月^{[ 16 ] [ 17 ]} 哥倫比亞唱片公司開始發行的記錄與“鄉巴佬”的音樂（系列15000D“老熟悉的曲調”）早在1924年。^[ 18 ]

一年後，於1923年6月14日，Fiddlin“約翰·卡森記錄“ 小小木屋在巷 “的Okeh記錄。^[ 19 ] 弗農達爾哈特是第一個鄉村歌手有一個全國性的打擊1924年5月與“ 的沉船97歲“。^{[ 20 ] [ 21 ]}的另一面記錄的是“幽靜路藍調”，這也成為非常受歡迎。^[ 22 ]在1924年4月，“阿姨” 薩曼莎布姆加納和伊娃·戴維斯成為第一位女性音樂家記錄和釋放的鄉村歌曲。^[ 23 ]

許多“鄉巴佬”的音樂家，如崖卡萊爾，在整個十年記錄藍調歌曲^[ 24 ]，進入20世紀30年代。其他重要的早期錄音藝術家是萊利帕克特，唐·理查森，Fiddlin“約翰·卡森，叔叔戴夫·梅肯，阿爾·霍普金斯，歐內斯特·五斯通曼，查理普爾和北卡羅萊納州漫步者和回鍋Lickers。^[ 25 ]的結鋼進入鄉村音樂早在1922年，當吉米Tarlton會見著名的夏威夷吉他手弗蘭克Ferera西海岸。^[ 26 ]

吉米·羅傑斯和卡特家族被廣泛認為是重要的早期國家的音樂家。他們的歌曲首次抓獲一個歷史性的記錄會話在布里斯托爾，田納西州，於1927年8月1日，其中拉爾夫同行是人才發掘和錄音師。^{[ 27 ] [ 28 ]}電影中的一個場景Ø兄弟，你在哪裡。描繪了一個類似的事件在同一時間內。

羅傑斯鄉巴佬融合的國家，福音，爵士，藍調，流行，牛仔，和民俗，以及他的許多最好的歌曲是他的作品，包括“藍色約德爾”，^[ 29 ]它售出了超過一百萬條記錄，並建立羅傑斯作為首要的歌手早期的鄉村音樂。^{[ 30 ] [ 31 ]}

1927年開始，並在未來17年中，卡特記錄了一些300舊時代的民謠，傳統音樂，鄉村歌曲和福音讚美詩，美國東南民俗和文化遺產的所有代表。^[ 32 ]

第二代（1930 - 1940）[ 編輯]

在一個效果大蕭條是減少的，可以出售的記錄數。電台成為娛樂的熱門來源，“穀倉舞”表演為特色的鄉村音樂是所有開始在南部，北至芝加哥，和遠西部的加利福尼亞州。

羅伊阿卡夫

最重要的是大奧普里，開始播出1925年由WSM在納什維爾，並持續到現在的一天。一些關於早期恆星大劇院是叔叔戴夫·梅肯，羅伊阿卡夫和非洲裔美國人的口琴手德福特貝利。WSM的50,000瓦的信號（1934年）還不時可以聽到全國各地。^[ 33 ]

許多音樂家在任意數量的風格演出和錄製歌曲。月亮MULLICAN，例如，打西盪也錄歌可以被稱為搖擺舞曲。從1947年到1949年，全國流行歌手艾迪·阿諾德放在八首歌曲進入前10。^[ 34 ]

歌唱牛仔和西部搖擺[ 編輯]

在20世紀30年代和40年代，牛仔歌曲，或者西方音樂，從20年代它已被記錄，被在好萊塢製作的電影推廣。一些流行的歌唱牛仔的時代是吉恩奧特里的先驅的兒子，和羅伊·羅傑斯。^[ 35 ]鄉村音樂和西部音樂經常被演奏放在同一個廣播電台，因此稱為鄉村和西部音樂。

它不僅是牛仔; 女牛仔促成了各種家庭群體的聲音。懦夫蒙大拿打開門的女藝人，她創造歷史的歌曲“我想成為一個牛仔的甜心”。這將開始對機會的運動的婦女有成功的獨奏事業。

鮑伯意志是從下另一個國家的音樂家大平原誰已成為非常受歡迎的領導人“熱弦樂隊，”誰也出現在好萊塢的西部片。他的混音國家和爵士樂，開始作為歌舞廳的音樂，將成為被稱為西盪。鏟庫利和特克斯·威廉姆斯也有很受歡迎的樂隊和出現在電影。在它的高度，西盪相媲美的流行大樂團搖擺樂。

改變儀器儀表[ 編輯]

鼓是由早期國家的音樂家嘲笑為“聲音太大”，“不純潔”，但到了1935年西部搖擺大樂隊的領導者鮑勃威爾斯加入了鼓的得克薩斯花花公子。在1940年代中期，大奧普里不想讓花花公子“鼓手出現在舞台上。雖然鼓被普遍採用的鄉村搖滾樂團到1955年，欠保守比的最大奧普里路易斯安那Hayride保持其經常使用的鼓手後台遲在1956年，到20世紀60年代初，但是，它是罕見的，一個國家樂隊沒有鼓手。^[ 36 ]

鮑勃威爾斯是已知增加了一個電吉他，以他的樂隊，在1938年的第一個國家的音樂家之一。^[ 37 ]十年後（1948年）亞瑟·史密斯取得了美國排名前10的國家圖的成功與他的米高梅唱片錄音的“ 吉他不羈 “，這越過了美國排行榜，介紹很多人給電吉他的潛力。幾十年來，納什維爾會議玩家首選的暖色調吉布森和Gretsch的的archtop電氣，而是一個“熱” 擋泥板風格，利用開始在50年代初的面世吉他，最終佔了上風作為國家的簽名吉他聲音。^{[ 36 ] [ 38 ]}

鄉巴佬趴[ 編輯]

國家音樂家開始錄製趴在1939年後不久，它被演奏了在卡內基音樂廳，當約翰尼·巴菲爾德錄“布吉伍吉”。的最初被稱為鄉巴佬趴，或奧克拉荷馬人趴（後來被改名為國家布吉）的涓涓細流，變成了洪水開始於1945年後期，這一時期的一個顯著的釋放是在Delmore兄弟 '“貨物列車不羈”，被認為是鄉村音樂和藍調走向的綜合發展的一部分搖擺舞曲。1948年，亞瑟“吉他不羈”史密斯取得了美國十大國圖的成功與他的米高梅唱片錄音“的吉他不羈 “和”班卓琴不羈“，前者跨越了美國流行音樂排行榜。^[ 39 ]其他國家不羈的藝術家包括梅里爾·摩爾和田納西厄尼福特。該鄉巴佬趴期一直持續到20世紀50年代，仍然一國的許多其他風格的帶入21世紀。

蘭草，民謠和福音[ 編輯]

紅福萊

受年底二戰，“登山”弦樂隊的音樂被稱為蘭草已經出現時，比爾·門羅加入了萊斯特·弗拉特和伯爵斯克魯格斯，羅伊阿卡夫在大奧普里。介紹福音音樂，也仍然是一個受歡迎的組成部分鄉村音樂。紅福萊，最大的國星光第二次世界大戰後，有了第一次的百萬銷量的福音歌曲之一（“ 和平之谷 “），並演唱了布吉，藍調和鄉村搖滾樂。

在戰後時期，鄉村音樂被稱為業界“民間”和“鄉下人”的行業內。^[ 40 ] 1944年，廣告牌替換術語“鄉下人”與“民歌和布魯斯”，並切換到1949年“國家”或“國家與西方”。^{[ 41 ] [ 42 ]}

低級夜總會[ 編輯]

漢克·威廉斯

另一種類型的精簡和原始的音樂與各種情緒和吉他，貝司，一個基本的合奏多布羅或鋼吉（及更高版本）鼓走紅，特別是在得克薩斯州和窮白人俄克拉何馬州。它被稱為低級夜總會，而且其在西盪和根ranchera墨西哥邊境各州，尤其是德克薩斯州的音樂，再加上美國南方的藍調。鮑伯意志和他的得克薩斯花花公子人格化的這首曲子，被形容為“這一點，而這一點，黑色和白色的...只是大聲足以讓你想得太多了，並去正確的訂購威士忌，一點點一點點” ^[ 43 ]東德克薩斯鋁德克斯特曾與“低級夜總會藍調”，七十年後“一炮打響手槍的packin“媽媽 “。^[ 44 ]這些“低級夜總會”的歌曲相關barrooms，由喜歡被執行歐內斯特TUBB，小鷹韋爾斯（第一大鄉村女獨唱歌手），泰德Daffan，弗洛伊德蒂爾曼和馬多克斯兄弟和羅斯，左撇子FRIZZELL和漢克·威廉姆斯，後來被稱為“傳統”的國家。威廉姆斯的特別影響力將被證明是巨大的，鼓舞人心的許多搖滾樂的先驅，如貓王和傑里·李·劉易斯，以及查克·貝里和艾克·特納，同時提供了一個框架，新興低級夜總會人才像喬治瓊斯。韋伯皮爾斯是20世紀50年代的頂級圖表國畫家，與他的13單打花費113週在第一。他繪製了48單打的十年中; 31達到前十名和26達到了前四名。

Second generation (1930s–1940s)[edit]

One effect of the Great Depression was to reduce the number of records that could be sold. Radio became a popular source of entertainment, and "barn dance" shows featuring country music were started all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California.

Roy Acuff

The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville and continuing to the present day. Some of the early stars on the Opry were Uncle Dave Macon, Roy Acuff and African American harmonica player DeFord Bailey. WSM's 50,000-watt signal (in 1934) could often be heard across the country.^[33]

Many musicians performed and recorded songs in any number of styles. Moon Mullican, for example, played Western swing but also recorded songs that can be called rockabilly. Between 1947 and 1949, country crooner Eddy Arnold placed eight songs in the top 10.^[34]

Singing cowboys and Western swing[edit]

During the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular singing cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers, and Roy Rogers.^[35] Country music and western music were frequently played together on the same radio stations, hence the term country and western music.

And it wasn't only cowboys; cowgirls contributed to the sound in various family groups. Patsy Montana opened the door for female artists with her history-making song "I Want To Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart". This would begin a movement toward opportunities for women to have successful solo careers.

Bob Wills was another country musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a "hot string band," and who also appeared inHollywood westerns. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, would become known as Western swing. Spade Cooley and Tex Williams also had very popular bands and appeared in films. At its height, Western swing rivaled the popularity of big band swing music.

Changing instrumentation[edit]

Drums were scorned by early country musicians as being "too loud" and "not pure", but by 1935 Western swing big band leader Bob Wills had added drums to the Texas Playboys. In the mid-1940s, the Grand Ole Opry did not want the Playboys' drummer to appear on stage. Although drums were commonly used by rockabilly groups by 1955, the less-conservative-than-the-Grand Ole Opry Louisiana Hayride kept its infrequently used drummer back stage as late as 1956. By the early 1960s, however, it was rare that a country band didn't have a drummer.^[36]

Bob Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938.^[37] A decade later (1948) Arthur Smith achieved top 10 US country chart success with his MGM Records recording of "Guitar Boogie", which crossed over to the US pop chart, introducing many people to the potential of the electric guitar. For several decades Nashville session players preferred the warm tones of the Gibson and Gretsch archtop electrics, but a "hot" Fender style, utilizing guitars which became available beginning in the early 1950s, eventually prevailed as the signature guitar sound of country.^[36][38]

Hillbilly boogie[edit]

Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had been played at Carnegie Hall, when Johnny Barfield recorded "Boogie Woogie". The trickle of what was initially called hillbilly boogie, or okie boogie (later to be renamed country boogie), became a flood beginning in late 1945. One notable release from this period was The Delmore Brothers' "Freight Train Boogie", considered to be part of the combined evolution of country music and blues towards rockabilly. In 1948,Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith achieved top ten US country chart success with his MGM Records recordings of "Guitar Boogie" and "Banjo Boogie", with the former crossing over to the US pop charts.^[39] Other country boogie artists included Merrill Moore and Tennessee Ernie Ford. The hillbilly boogie period lasted into the 1950s and remains one of many subgenres of country into the 21st century.

Bluegrass, folk and gospel[edit]

Red Foley

By the end of World War II, "mountaineer" string band music known as bluegrass had emerged when Bill Monroe joined with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. Gospel music, too, remained a popular component of country music. Red Foley, the biggest country star following World War II, had one of the first million-selling gospel hits ("Peace in the Valley") and also sang boogie, blues and rockabilly.

In the post-war period, country music was called "folk" in the trades, and "hillbilly" within the industry.^[40] In 1944, The Billboardreplaced the term "hillbilly" with "folk songs and blues," and switched to "country" or "country and Western" in 1949.^[41][42]

Honky Tonk[edit]

Hank Williams

Another type of stripped down and raw music with a variety of moods and a basic ensemble of guitar, bass, dobro or steel guitar (and later) drums became popular, especially among poor whites in Texas and Oklahoma. It became known as honky tonk and had its roots in Western swing and the rancheramusic of Mexico and the border states, particularly Texas, together with the blues of the American South.Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys personified this music which has been described as "a little bit of this, and a little bit of that, a little bit of black and a little bit of white...just loud enough to keep you from thinking too much and to go right on ordering the whiskey."^[43] East Texan Al Dexter had a hit with "Honky Tonk Blues", and seven years later "Pistol Packin' Mama".^[44] These "honky tonk" songs associated barrooms, were performed by the likes of Ernest Tubb, Kitty Wells (the first major female country solo singer), Ted Daffan,Floyd Tillman, and the Maddox Brothers and Rose, Lefty Frizzell and Hank Williams, would later be called "traditional" country. Williams' influence in particular would prove to be enormous, inspiring many of the pioneers of rock and roll, such as Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis, as well as Chuck Berry and Ike Turner, while providing a framework for emerging honky tonk talents like George Jones. Webb Pierce was the top-charting country artist of the 1950s, with 13 of his singles spending 113 weeks at number one. He charted 48 singles during the decade; 31 reached the top ten and 26 reached the top four.

Third generation (1950s–1960s)[edit]

By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, and honky tonk was played by most country bands. Western music, influenced by the cowboy ballads and Tejano music rhythms of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico, reached its peak in popularity in the late 1950s, most notably with the song "El Paso", first recorded by Marty Robbins in September 1959.

The country music scene largely kept the music of the folk revival and folk rock at a distance, despite the similarity in instrumentation and origins (see, for instance,The Byrds' negative reception during their appearance on the Grand Ole Opry). The main concern was politics: the folk revival was largely driven by progressive activists, a stark contrast to the culturally conservative audiences of country music. Only a handful of folk artists, such as Burl Ives, John Denver and Canadian musician Gordon Lightfoot, would cross over into country music after the folk revival died out.

During the mid-1950s a new style of country music became popular, eventually to be referred to as rockabilly.^[45]

Rockabilly[edit]

Rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Rockabilly was a mixture of rock-and-roll and hillbilly music. During this period Elvis Presley converted over to country music. He played a huge role in the music industry during this time. The number two, three and four songs on Billboard's charts for that year were Elvis Presley, "Heartbreak Hotel"; Johnny Cash, "I Walk the Line"; and Carl Perkins, "Blue Suede Shoes".^[46]

Johnny Cash

Cash and Presley placed songs in the top 5 in 1958 with No. 3 "Guess Things Happen That Way/Come In, Stranger" by Cash, and No. 5 by Presley "Don't/I Beg of You."^[47] Presley acknowledged the influence of rhythm and blues artists and his style, saying "The colored folk been singin' and playin' it just the way I'm doin' it now, man for more years than I know." But he also said, "My stuff is just hopped-up country."^[43] Within a few years, many rockabilly musicians returned to a more mainstream style or had defined their own unique style.

Country music gained national television exposure through Ozark Jubilee on ABC-TV and radio from 1955–1960 from Springfield, Missouri. The program showcased top stars including several rockabilly artists, some from the Ozarks. As Webb Pierce put it in 1956, "Once upon a time, it was almost impossible to sell country music in a place like New York City. Nowadays, television takes us everywhere, and country music records and sheet music sell as well in large cities as anywhere else."^[48]

The late 1950s saw the emergence of the Lubbock sound, but by the end of the decade, backlash as well as traditional artists such as Ray Price, Marty Robbins, and Johnny Horton began to shift the industry away from the rock n' roll influences of the mid-1950s.

The Nashville and countrypolitan sounds[edit]

Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the Nashville sound turned country music into a multimillion-dollar industry centered inNashville, Tennessee. Under the direction of producers such as Chet Atkins, Paul Cohen, Owen Bradley, and later Billy Sherrill, the sound brought country music to a diverse audience and helped revive country as it emerged from a commercially fallow period.^[49]

This subgenre was notable for borrowing from 1950s pop stylings: a prominent and smooth vocal, backed by a string section and vocal chorus. Instrumental soloing was de-emphasized in favor of trademark "licks". Leading artists in this genre included Patsy Cline, Jim Reeves, Skeeter Davis, The Browns, and Eddy Arnold. The "slip note" piano style of session musician Floyd Cramer was an important component of this style.

Nashville's pop song structure became more pronounced and it morphed into what was called countrypolitan. Countrypolitan was aimed straight at mainstream markets, and it sold well throughout the later 1960s into the early 1970s (a rarity in an era where American popular music was being decimated by the British Invasion). Top artists included Tammy Wynette, Lynn Anderson, and Charlie Rich, as well as such former "hard country" artists as Ray Price and Marty Robbins.

Despite the appeal of the Nashville sound, many traditional country artists emerged during this period and dominated the genre: Loretta Lynn, Merle Haggard, Buck Owens, Porter Wagoner, and Sonny James among them.

Country soul - crossover[edit]

In 1962, Ray Charles surprised the pop world by turning his attention to country and western music, topping the charts and rating number three for the year onBillboard's pop chart^[50] with the "I Can't Stop Loving You" single, and recording the landmark album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music.

The Bakersfield sound[edit]

Another genre of country music grew out of hardcore honky tonk with elements of Western swing and originated 112 miles (180 km) north-northwest of Los Angeles in Bakersfield, California. Influenced by one-time West Coast residents Bob Wills and Lefty Frizzell, by 1966 it was known as the Bakersfield sound. It relied on electric instruments and amplification, in particular the Telecaster electric guitar, more than other subgenres of country of the era, and can be described as having a sharp, hard, driving, no-frills, edgy flavor. Leading practitioners of this style were Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, Tommy Collins, Gary Allan, and Wynn Stewart, each of whom had his own style.^[51][52]

Country rock[edit]

The late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres. In the aftermath of the British Invasion, many desired a return to the "old values" of rock n' roll. At the same time there was a lack of enthusiasm in the country sector for Nashville-produced music. What resulted was a crossbred genre known as country rock.

Early innovators in this new style of music in the 1960s and 1970s included Bob Dylan, who was the first to revert to country music with his 1967 album John Wesley Harding (and even more so with that album's follow-up, Nashville Skyline), followed by folk rock band The Byrds (with Gram Parsons on Sweetheart of the Rodeo) and its spin-off The Flying Burrito Brothers (also featuring Gram Parsons), guitarist Clarence White, Michael Nesmith (The Monkees and the First National Band), theGrateful Dead, Neil Young, Commander Cody, The Allman Brothers, The Marshall Tucker Band, Poco, Buffalo Springfield, and The Eagles, among many. The Rolling Stones also got into the act with songs like "Honky Tonk Women" and "Dead Flowers".

Described by Allmusic as the "father of country-rock",^[53] Gram Parsons' work in the early 1970s was acclaimed for its purity and for his appreciation for aspects of traditional country music.^[54] Though his career was cut tragically short by his 1973 death, his legacy was carried on by his protégé and duet partner Emmylou Harris; Harris would release her debut solo in 1975, an amalgamation of country, rock and roll, folk, blues and pop.

Subsequent to the initial blending of the two polar opposite genres, other offspring soon resulted, including Southern rock, heartland rock and in more recent years,alternative country.

In the decades that followed, artists such as Juice Newton, Alabama, Hank Williams, Jr. (and, to an even greater extent, Hank Williams III), Gary Allan, Shania Twain,Brooks & Dunn, Faith Hill, Garth Brooks, Dwight Yoakam, Steve Earle, Dolly Parton, Rosanne Cash and Linda Ronstadt moved country further towards rock influence.

Decline of Western music and the cowboy ballad[edit]

By the late 1960s, Western music, in particular the cowboy ballad, was in decline. Relegated to the "country and Western" genre by marketing agencies, popular Western recording stars released albums to only moderate success.^{[citation needed]} Rock-and-roll dominated music sales, and Hollywood recording studios dropped most of their Western artists.^{[citation needed]} The shift in country music production to Nashville also played a role, where the Nashville sound, country rock, and rockabilly music styles predominated over both "cowboy" artists and the more recent Bakersfield sound.^{[citation needed]} The latter was largely limited to Buck Owens,Merle Haggard, and a few other bands.^{[citation needed]} In the process, country and western music as a genre lost most of its southwestern, ranchera, and Tejano musical influences. However the cowboy ballad and honky-tonk music would be resurrected and reinterpreted in the 1970s with the growth in popularity of "outlaw country" music from Texas and Oklahoma.^{[citation needed]}

第三代（1950 - 1960）[ 編輯]

到了20世紀50年代初的混合西盪，國家布吉，和低級夜總會的被演奏了大多數國家的樂隊。西方音樂，由牛仔民謠和影響TEJANO音樂的節奏之美西南部和北部的 墨西哥，達到流行高峰在50年代末，最引人注目的是那首“ 帕索 “，最早記載了馬蒂·羅賓斯 1959年9月。

國內樂壇基本上保持了的音樂民謠復興和民謠搖滾的距離，儘管相似的儀器和起源（參見，例如，該酒吧的過程中其外觀上的“負接待奧雷大劇院）。主要關注的是政治：民謠復興在很大程度上是由漸進活動家帶動下，形成了鮮明的對比，鄉村音樂的文化保守的觀眾。只有極少數的民間藝人，如節Ives，約翰·丹佛和加拿大音樂家戈登·萊特富特，將跨到鄉村音樂後的民謠復興死了。

在50年代中期鄉村音樂的新風格走紅，最終被稱為搖擺舞曲。^[ 45 ]

搖擺舞曲[ 編輯]

鄉村搖滾樂是最受全國球迷在20世紀50年代，到1956年可以被稱為年度搖擺舞曲的鄉村音樂。搖擺舞曲是一個混合的岩石和輥與鄉巴佬音樂。在此期間，貓王轉換過來的鄉村音樂。他在這段時間發揮在音樂產業的巨大作用。數的二，三，四首歌曲在Billboard的圖表當年是貓王，“ 傷心酒店 “，約翰尼·卡什，“ 我走線 “; 和卡爾·珀金斯，“藍色麂皮鞋 “。^[ 46 ]

約翰尼·卡什

現金及存放貓王歌曲的前5名，1958年與3號“想事情發生這樣的/來了，陌生人”由現金和5號由貓王“你不/我懇求。” ^[ 47 ]普雷斯利承認的影響節奏藍調藝術家和他的風格，他說“彩色民間一直在歡唱，並彈了它現在的樣子我上來的，現在，人多歲，比我知道的。” 但他同時表示，“我的東西是剛剛跳上了國家。” ^[ 43 ]在短短幾年內，許多鄉村搖滾樂音樂家回歸到更主流風格或定義了自己的獨特風格。

國家通過音樂獲得了國家電視台曝光奧索卡禧在ABC電視台和電台從1955年至1960年在密蘇里州斯普林菲爾德。該項目展示了頂級明星，包括幾個鄉村搖滾樂藝術家，有的來自歐薩克。正如韋伯皮爾斯把它在1956年，“曾幾何時，這是幾乎不可能在像紐約市一個地方賣的鄉村音樂。如今，電視把我們隨處可見，鄉村音樂唱片和樂譜在大城市銷售，以及如其他地方。“ ^[ 48 ]

50年代末看到的出現拉伯克的聲音，但在十年，反彈的結束，以及傳統的藝術家，比如雷的價格，馬蒂·羅賓斯和約翰尼·霍頓開始的產業轉移遠離搖滾樂的影響50年代中期。

納什維爾和countrypolitan聲音[ 編輯]

開始在50年代中期，並在60年代初期達到高峰，納什維爾聲音變成鄉村音樂成為了數百萬美元的產業集中在田納西州的納什維爾。根據生產商，如方向切特阿特金斯，保羅·科恩，歐文·布拉德利，後來比利·謝里爾，聲音帶到鄉村音樂到不同的觀眾，並幫助重振國家，因為它從一個商業休耕期間出現。^[ 49 ]

這種體裁是著名的從20世紀50年代流行的花式借用：一個突出的流暢聲樂，由弦樂和人聲合唱的支持。器樂獨奏是去強調贊成商標“舔”。在這一流派著名藝術家包括懦夫Cline，吉姆·里夫斯，斯基特·戴維斯，布朗和埃迪阿諾德。的會議音樂家的“滑音符的”鋼琴風格弗洛伊德克拉默是這種風格的一個重要組成部分。

納什維爾的流行歌曲的結構變得更加明顯，它演變成什麼叫countrypolitan。Countrypolitan旨在連勝主流市場，而且暢銷整個20世紀60年代以後到70年代初（一個罕見的在美國流行音樂正在被毀滅的時代英國的入侵）。頂級藝術家包括陳怡蓉威內特，林恩·安德森，和查理豐富，以及這些昔日的“硬國”藝術家雷的價格和馬蒂·羅賓斯。

儘管在納什維爾之聲的呼籲，許多傳統國畫家在這一時期出現，並佔主導地位的流派：羅莉塔琳，Merle枯槁，巴克·歐文斯，波特瓦格納和桑尼詹姆斯在其中。

國魂-交叉[ 編輯]

1962年，雷·查爾斯通過將注意力轉向鄉村和西部音樂，登上了排行榜冠軍和等級數三為上年度驚訝流行世界Billboard的排行榜^[ 50 ]與“ 我不能停止愛你 “單，並記錄具有里程碑意義的專輯現代聲音在鄉村和西部音樂。

貝克斯菲爾德的聲音[ 編輯]

鄉村音樂的另一個流派的前身是鐵桿低級夜總會與要素西盪和起源112英里（180公里）北部，西北洛杉磯的貝克斯菲爾德，加利福尼亞州。通過一次性西岸居民的影響鮑勃威爾斯和左撇子FRIZZELL，到1966年它被稱為貝克斯菲爾德的聲音。它依賴於電子樂器和放大，特別是電視廣播員電吉他，超過了時代的國其他其他風格，並且可以描述為具有鋒利，堅硬，駕駛，沒有多餘的裝飾，前衛的味道。這種風格的主要從業者是巴克·歐文斯，Merle枯槁，湯米·柯林斯，加里·艾倫，和永利斯圖爾特，每個人都有自己的風格。^{[ 51 ] [ 52 ]}

鄉村搖滾[ 編輯]

在美國音樂60年代末產生了獨特的內獨立流派的傳統主義反彈的結果。在過後英國的入侵，很多想要回歸到搖滾樂的“舊值”。同時有缺乏在國內行業的熱情納什維爾製作音樂。是什麼導致了一個雜交流派被稱為國石。

早期的創新者在音樂這一新的風格在20世紀60年代和70年代，包括鮑勃·迪倫，誰是第一個恢復到鄉村音樂與他1967年的專輯約翰衛斯理哈丁（甚至更多，所以與該專輯的後續，納什維爾天際線），其次由民謠搖滾樂隊的酒吧的（用革蘭氏帕森斯在圈地的甜心）及其分拆飛天捲餅兄弟（還搭載克帕森斯），吉他手克拉倫斯白，邁克爾NESMITH（頑童合唱團和第一屆全國樂隊），在感恩死了，尼爾·楊，指揮官科迪，Allman兄弟，馬歇爾塔克樂隊，波科，水牛春田，和老鷹，還有許多。滾石也鑽進了行為的歌曲，如“ 低級夜總會婦女 “和” 死花 “ 。

通過描述音樂指南的“父親鄉村搖滾的”，^[ 53 ]革蘭氏帕森斯在1970年代初期作品被讚譽為它的純度和他的傳統鄉村音樂的各個方面表示感謝。^[ 54 ]儘管他的職業生涯被切斷慘遭短由他1973年去世，他的遺產被抬上了他的門生和二重奏搭檔版Emmylou哈里斯 ; 哈里斯將釋放她的首張個人在1975年，國家，搖滾樂的融合，民謠，藍調和流行。

隨後的兩個極性相反的流派的初始混合，其他的後代很快導致，包括南方搖滾，搖滾的中心地帶，並在最近幾年，替代國。

在隨後的幾十年的藝術家，如果汁牛頓，阿拉巴馬州，漢克·威廉姆斯，小（和，在更大程度上，漢克·威廉姆斯三），加里·艾倫，仙妮亞唐恩，布魯克斯和鄧恩，信仰山，加思·布魯克斯，德懷特- YOAKAM，史蒂夫厄爾，多莉·帕頓，黃婉君現金和琳達朗絲黛移動國家進一步邁向搖滾的影響。

西方音樂的衰落和牛仔民謠[ 編輯]

到了60年代後期，西方音樂，尤其是牛仔民謠，正在衰落。退居由營銷機構的“國家與西方”流派，西方流行的錄製明星發布的專輯只有適度的成功。^{[ 需要的引證 ]}岩石和輥為主的音樂銷售，和好萊塢錄音棚下降大部分的西方藝術家。^{[ 引用需要 ]}在鄉村音樂製作到納什維爾的轉變也起到了作用，那裡的納什維爾之聲，鄉村搖滾，鄉村搖滾樂和音樂風格佔了上風兩個“牛仔”藝術家和更近的貝克斯菲爾德的聲音。^{[ 來源請求 ]}，後者主要是有限的到巴克·歐文斯，Merle枯槁，和其他一些樂隊。^{[ 引證需要 ]}在這個過程中，鄉村和西部音樂作為一個流派失去了其大部分西南部，ranchera，並TEJANO音樂的影響。然而牛仔民謠和低級夜總會的音樂將被復活，重新詮釋了20世紀70年代，在普及的增長來自得克薩斯州和俄克拉何馬“取締國”的音樂。^{[ 需要的引證 ]}

Fourth generation (1970s–1980s)[edit]

Outlaw country[edit]

Derived from the traditional Western and honky tonk musical styles of the late 1950s and 1960s, including Ray Price (whose band, the "Cherokee Cowboys", included Willie Nelson and Roger Miller) and mixed with the anger of an alienated subculture of the nation during the period, outlaw country revolutionized the genre of country music.

Willie Nelson

"After I left Nashville (the early 70s), I wanted to relax and play the music that I wanted to play, and just stay around Texas, maybe Oklahoma. Waylon and I had that outlaw image going, and when it caught on at colleges and we started selling records, we were O.K. The whole outlaw thing, it had nothing to do with the music, it was something that got written in an article, and the young people said, 'Well, that's pretty cool.' And started listening." (Willie Nelson)^[55]

The term outlaw country is traditionally associated with Hank Williams, Jr., Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, David Allan Coe, Whitey Morgan and the 78's, John Prine, Billy Joe Shaver, Gary Stewart, Townes Van Zandt, Kris Kristofferson, Michael Martin Murphey, and the later career renaissance of Johnny Cash, with a few female vocalists such as Jessi Colter and Sammi Smith. It was encapsulated in the 1976 album Wanted! The Outlaws. A related subgenre is Red Dirt.

Country pop[edit]

Country pop or soft pop, with roots in the countrypolitan sound, folk music, and soft rock, is a subgenre that first emerged in the 1970s. Although the term first referred to country music songs and artists that crossed over to top 40 radio, country pop acts are now more likely to cross over toadult contemporary music. It started with pop music singers like Glen Campbell, Bobbie Gentry, John Denver, Olivia Newton-John, Anne Murray, Marie Osmond, B. J. Thomas, The Bellamy Brothers, and Linda Ronstadt having hits on the country charts.

Lynn Anderson in concert

Between 1972 and 1975, singer/guitarist John Denver released a series of hugely successful songs blending country and folk-rock musical styles ("Rocky Mountain High", "Sunshine on My Shoulders", "Annie's Song", "Thank God I'm a Country Boy", and "I'm Sorry"), and was named Country Music Entertainer of the Year in 1975. The year before, Olivia Newton-John, an Australian pop singer, won the "Best Female Country Vocal Performance" as well as the Country Music Association's most coveted award for females, "Female Vocalist of the Year". In response George Jones, Tammy Wynette, and other traditional Nashville country artists dissatisfied with the new trend formed the short-lived Association of Country Entertainers in 1974.

During the mid-1970s, Dolly Parton, a highly successful mainstream country artist since the late 1960s, mounted a high profile campaign to cross over to pop music, culminating in her 1977 hit "Here You Come Again", which topped the U.S. country singles chart, and also reached No. 3 on the pop singles charts. Parton's male counterpart, Kenny Rogers, came from the opposite direction, aiming his music at the country charts, after a successful career in pop, rock and folk music, achieving success the same year with "Lucille", which topped the country charts and reached No. 5 on the U.S. pop singles charts. Parton and Rogers would both continue to have success on both country and pop charts simultaneously, well into the 1980s. Artists like Crystal Gayle, Ronnie Milsap andBarbara Mandrell would also find success on the pop charts with their records.

Dolly Parton

In 1975, author Paul Hemphill stated in the Saturday Evening Post, "Country music isn't really country anymore; it is a hybrid of nearly every form of popular music in America."^[56]

During the early 1980s, country artists continued to see their records perform well on the pop charts. Willie Nelson and Juice Newtoneach had two songs in the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100 in the early eighties: Nelson charted "Always on My Mind" (No. 5, 1982) and "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" (No. 5, 1984), and Newton achieved success with "Queen of Hearts" (No. 2, 1981) and "Angel of the Morning" (No. 4, 1981). Four country songs topped the Billboard Hot 100 in the 1980s: "Lady" by Kenny Rogers, from the late fall of 1980; "9 to 5" by Dolly Parton, "I Love a Rainy Night" by Eddie Rabbitt (these two back-to-back at the top in early 1981); and "Islands in the Stream", a duet by Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers in 1983, a pop-country crossover hit written by Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. Newton's "Queen of Hearts" almost reached No. 1, but was kept out of the spot by the pop ballad juggernaut "Endless Love" by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie.^[57] Although there were few crossover hits in the latter half of the 1980s, one song — Roy Orbison's "You Got It", from 1989 — made the top 10 of both the Billboard Hot Country Singles" and Hot 100 charts.^[58][59]

The record-setting, multi-platinum group Alabama was named Artist of the Decade for the 1980s by the Academy of Country Music.

Neocountry[edit]

In 1980, a style of "neocountry disco music" was popularized by the film Urban Cowboy,^[60] which also included more traditional songs such as "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" by the Charlie Daniels Band.^[61] A related subgenre is Texas country music.

Sales in record stores rocketed to $250 million in 1981; by 1984, 900 radio stations began programming country or neocountry pop full-time. As with most sudden trends, however, by 1984 sales had dropped below 1979 figures.^[60]

Truck driving country[edit]

Truck driving country music is a genre of country music^[62] and is a fusion of honky-tonk, country rock and the Bakersfield sound.^[63] It has the tempo of country rock and the emotion of honky-tonk,^[63] and its lyrics focus on a truck driver's lifestyle.^[64] Truck driving country songs often deal with trucks and love.^[63] Well-known artists who sing truck driving country include Dave Dudley, Red Sovine, Dick Curless, Red Simpson, Del Reeves, The Willis Brothers and Jerry Reed, with C. W. McCall and Cledus Maggard (pseudonyms of Bill Fries and Jay Huguely, respectively) being more humorous entries in the subgenre.^[63] Dudley is known as the father of truck driving country.^[64][65]

Neotraditionalist movement[edit]

During the mid-1980s, a group of new artists began to emerge who rejected the more polished country-pop sound that had been prominent on radio and the charts, in favor of more, traditional, "back-to-basics" production. Led by Randy Travis, whose 1986 debut album Storms of Life sold four million copies and was Billboard'syear-end top country album of 1987, many of the artists during the latter half of the 1980s drew on traditional honky-tonk, bluegrass, folk and western swing. Artists who typified this sound included Travis Tritt, Alan Jackson, Ricky Skaggs, Patty Loveless, Kathy Mattea, George Strait and The Judds.

Fifth generation (1990s)[edit]

Garth Brooks

Country music was aided by the FCC's Docket 80-90, which led to a significant expansion of FM radio in the 1980s by adding numerous higher-fidelity FM signals to rural and suburban areas. At this point, country music was mainly heard on rural AM radiostations; the expansion of FM was particularly helpful to country music, which migrated to FM from the AM band as AM became overcome by talk radio (the country music stations that stayed on AM developed the classic country format for the AM audience). At the same time, beautiful music stations already in rural areas began abandoning the format (leading to its effective demise) to adopt country music as well. This wider availability of country music led to producers seeking to polish their product for a wider audience. Another force leading to changes in the country music industry was the changing sound of rock music, which was increasingly being influenced by the noisier, less melodic alternative rock scene. "New country" ended up absorbing rock influence from more electric musicians that were too melodic for modern rock but too electric for the classic country music sound. (A number of "classic rock" artists, especially Southern rock ones such as Charlie Daniels and Lynyrd Skynyrd, are more closely associated with the modern country music scene than that of the modern rock scene.)

In the 1990s, country music became a worldwide phenomenon thanks to Garth Brooks.,^[66][67][68] who enjoyed one of the most successful careers in popular music history, breaking records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the decade. TheRIAA has certified his recordings at a combined (128× platinum), denoting roughly 113 million U.S. shipments.^[69] Other artists that experienced success during this time included Clint Black, Sammy Kershaw, Aaron Tippin, Travis Tritt, Alan Jackson and the newly formed duo of Brooks & Dunn; George Strait, whose career began in the 1980s, also continued to have widespread success in this decade and beyond. Toby Keith began his career as a more pop-oriented country singer in the 1990s, evolving into an outlaw persona in the late 1990s with Pull My Chain and its follow-up, Unleashed.

Female artists such as Reba McEntire, Patty Loveless, Faith Hill, Martina McBride, Deana Carter, LeAnn Rimes, Mindy McCready, Lorrie Morgan, Shania Twain, andMary Chapin Carpenter all released platinum-selling albums in the 1990s.

The Dixie Chicks became one of the most popular country bands in the 1990s and early 2000s. Their 1998 debut album Wide Open Spaces went on to become certified 12x platinum while their 1999 album Fly went on to become 10x platinum. After their third album, Home, was released in 2003, the band made political news in part because of lead singer Natalie Maines's comments disparaging then-President George W. Bush while the band was overseas (Maines stated that she and her bandmates were ashamed to be from the same state as Bush, who had just commenced the Iraq War a few days prior). The comments caused a rift between the band and the country music scene, and the band's fourth (and, to date, final) album, 2006's Taking the Long Way, took a more rock-oriented direction; the album was commercially successful overall but largely ignored among country audiences. (The band is currently on hiatus as Maines pursues a solo career; in the meantime, the two other members are continuing with their side project, the Court Yard Hounds.)

In the early-mid-1990s, country western music was influenced by the popularity of line dancing. This influence was so great that Chet Atkins was quoted as saying, "The music has gotten pretty bad, I think. It's all that damn line dancing."^[70] By the end of the decade, however, at least one line dance choreographer complained that good country line dance music was no longer being released.

In contrast, artists such as Don Williams and George Jones who had more or less had consistent chart success through the 1970s and 1980s suddenly had their fortunes fall rapidly around 1991 as these new artists rose to prominence.

第四代（1970 - 1980）[ 編輯]

奧特洛國家[ 編輯]

從傳統的西方和低級夜總會的音樂風格的50年代末和60年代，包括衍生雷價格（其樂隊的“切諾基牛仔”，包括威利·納爾遜和羅傑·米勒時），並與國家的疏離亞文化的混合怒期間，取締國家徹底改變了鄉村音樂的流派。

威利·納爾遜

“當我離開納什維爾（70年代初），我想放鬆和娛樂，我想播放音樂，只是呆在身邊德克薩斯州，俄克拉荷馬州可能。韋倫和我有這樣的綠林好漢形象去，當它抓住了在上大學我們開始銷售紀錄，我們確定整個取締的事情，它事不關己的音樂，它是得到寫在一篇文章中的東西，而年輕人說，'嗯，這很酷。“ 並開始聽。“ （威利·納爾遜）^[ 55 ]

術語取締國家傳統上與相關的漢克·威廉姆斯，小，威利·納爾遜，韋倫·詹寧斯，大衛艾倫科，惠特尼摩根和78的，約翰Prine的，比利·喬·剃須刀，加里·斯圖爾特，湯斯範·贊特，克里斯克里斯托弗森，邁克爾·馬丁·墨菲，以及後來的職業生涯復興約翰尼·卡什，有幾個女歌手，如傑西犁刀和鄭秀文史密斯。它被封裝在1976年的專輯通緝！響馬。一個相關的體裁是紅色的泥土。

國家彈出[ 編輯]

國家流行或軟流行，在根部countrypolitan聲，民樂，以及軟岩，是一種體裁在20世紀70年代首次出現。雖然該術語首先提到鄉村音樂的歌曲和藝術家的越過前40名電台，全國流行的行為，現在更容易跨越到成人當代音樂。它開始喜歡流行音樂歌手格倫·坎貝爾，博比金特里，約翰·丹佛，奧莉薇亞紐頓強，安瑪莉，瑪麗·奧斯蒙德，BJ托馬斯，貝拉米兄弟，和琳達朗絲黛對該國圖表命中。

林恩·安德森在演唱會

從1972年到1975年，主唱/吉他手約翰·丹佛發布了一系列非常成功的歌曲混合的國家，民謠搖滾曲風（「洛磯山高 “，” 陽光照在我肩上“，” 安妮之歌 “，” 感謝上帝，我一個鄉村男孩 “和” 對不起 “），並被評為年度最佳鄉村音樂藝人在1975年的前一年，奧利維亞牛頓約翰，澳大利亞流行歌手，獲得了”最佳鄉村女歌手獎“為以及鄉村音樂協會的最令人垂涎的獎項為女性，“年度最佳女歌手”。作為回應喬治·瓊斯，陳怡蓉威內特和不滿的新趨勢等傳統納什維爾的鄉村音樂藝術家形成短命的國家藝人協會於1974年。

在70年代中期，多莉·帕頓，自20世紀60年代末一個非常成功的主流的國畫家，裝高調活動，以跨越流行音樂，在她1977命中高潮“ 這裡何日君再來 “，這榮登美國鄉村單曲圖表，還就流行單曲排行榜第3位。帕頓的男性相對，肯尼羅傑斯，來自相反方向，瞄準他的音樂在國家圖，一個成功的職業生涯中流行，搖滾和民間音樂後，取得成功，同年以“ 露西爾 “，這榮登國家圖並達成在美國流行單曲排行榜第5位。帕頓和羅傑斯將繼續雙方同時有兩個國家，流行音樂排行榜的成功，順利進入20世紀80年代。像藝術家水晶蓋爾，羅尼MILSAP和芭芭拉曼德雷爾也會找到與他們的記錄流行音樂排行榜的成功。

多莉·帕頓

1975年，作者Paul亨普希爾在說星期六晚郵報 “，鄉村音樂是不是真正的國家了;它是幾乎所有形式的音樂在美國流行的一種混合” ^[ 56 ]

20世紀80年代初，國家的藝術家們繼續在紀錄上的流行音樂排行榜上表現良好。威利·納爾遜和果汁牛頓在八十年代初的前5名的Billboard Hot 100單曲中各得兩首歌曲：尼爾森繪製的“ 搶錢夫妻 “ （第5號，1982）和“ 要所有的女孩我曾經愛過之前 “（第5號，1984），和牛頓用”取得了成功紅心皇后 “（第2號，1981年）和” 天使的早晨 “（第4號，1981）。四國首歌曲榮登廣告牌熱100在20世紀80年代：“ 夫人 “由肯尼羅傑斯，從1980年的深秋; “ 朝九晚五 “由多莉·帕頓，“ 我愛雨夜 “由埃迪RABBITT（這兩個背到後端在1981年初的頂部）; 和“ 群島中的流 “，在1983年的二重唱由多莉·帕頓和肯尼羅傑斯，會彈出一個國家交叉命中寫的巴里，羅賓和莫里斯·吉布比吉斯。牛頓的“紅心皇后”幾乎達到了1號，但被拒之門外當場被彈出民謠劍聖“ 無盡的愛 “由戴安娜·羅斯和萊昂內爾·里奇。^[ 57 ]雖然有一些交叉打在後者的一半20世紀80年代，一首歌曲- 洛伊奧比森的“ 你猜對了 “，從1989年-做雙方的前10名廣告牌 熱的國家選拔。“和熱100圖^{[ 58 ] [ 59 ]}

在創紀錄的，多白金組阿拉巴馬州被評為藝術家的十年20世紀80年代由國家音樂學院。

Neocountry [ 編輯]

1980年，“neocountry迪斯科音樂”的風格通俗化了電影都市牛仔，^[ 60 ]其中也包括比較傳統的歌曲，如“ 魔鬼又下到格魯吉亞 “，由查理Daniels帶。^[ 61 ]與此相關的體裁是得克薩斯州的鄉村音樂。

在唱片店的銷售猛增至2.5億美元，1981年; 到1984年，900電台開始編程的國家或neocountry彈出全職。與大多數突發性的趨勢，然而，到了1984年的銷售已經跌破1979的數字。^[ 60 ]

卡車駕駛的國家[ 編輯]

卡車駕駛鄉村音樂是鄉村音樂的流派^[ 62 ]，是一個融合的低級夜總會，鄉村搖滾 和貝克斯菲爾德的聲音。^[ 63 ]它有節奏的鄉村搖滾和低級夜總會的情感，^[ 63 ]而它的歌詞集中在一個卡車司機的生活方式。^[ 64 ]卡車駕駛鄉村歌曲經常處理卡車和愛。^[ 63 ]著名藝術家誰唱的卡車駕駛的國家包括戴夫達德利，紅Sovine，迪克Curless，紅辛普森，德爾里夫斯，威利斯兄弟和傑里蘆葦，與CW麥考爾和CLEDUS Maggard（比爾薯條和Jay Huguely，分別為假名）是在體裁更幽默的作品。^[ 63 ]達德利被稱為卡車駕駛的國家的父親。^{[ 64 ] [ 65 ]}

Neotraditionalist運動[ 編輯]

在80年代中期，一批新的藝術家開始嶄露頭角誰拒絕了曾在著名電台及圖表越打磨國家彈出的聲音，有利於更多的，傳統的，“背到基礎知識”的生產。所領導蘭迪特拉維斯，其1986年的首張專輯生命的風暴售出400萬張，是Billboard的年終頂國1987年的專輯，許多在1980年代後半的藝術家借鑒了傳統的低級夜總會，蘭 ​​草，民謠和西部搖擺。藝術家誰代表的這種聲音包括特拉維斯特里特，阿蘭·傑克遜，瑞奇斯卡格斯，小餡餅無情，凱西MATTEA，喬治海峽和該JUDDS。

第五代（1990）[ 編輯]

加思·布魯克斯

鄉村音樂是由計算機輔助FCC的文案80-90，從而導致了顯著擴大調頻收音機在1980年代加入許多更高的保真度調頻信號向農村和郊區。在這一點上，鄉村音樂，主要是聽取了關於農村AM廣播電台; 調頻的擴張是特別有幫助的鄉村音樂，其中遷移到從調頻AM波段的調幅成為了克服談話類節目（即停留在上午的鄉村音樂電台開發的經典鄉村格式為AM觀眾）。與此同時，優美的音樂已經在農村地區的駐地開始放棄格式（導致其有效消亡）採用鄉村音樂也是如此。鄉村音樂的這種更寬的可用性導致生產商尋求擦亮自己的產品更廣泛的受眾。導致變化的鄉村音樂產業的又一生力軍是搖滾音樂，這是越來越多地被影響的喧鬧，少旋律的變化的聲音另類搖滾現場。“新國”結束了從多電音樂家是為現代搖滾旋律太太，但電動的經典鄉村音樂吸音搖滾樂的影響。（許多“ 經典搖滾 “的藝術家，尤其是南方搖滾的，如查理·丹尼爾斯和林納史金納合唱團，更緊密地與現代鄉村音樂現場比現代搖滾樂壇的關聯。）

在20世紀90年代，鄉村音樂成為了一個世界性的現象歸功於加思·布魯克斯。，^{[ 66 ] [ 67 ] [ 68 ]}誰喜歡在流行音樂歷史上最成功的職業之一，在整個十年破紀錄的銷售和演唱會出席。在RIAA已經認證了他的錄音在合併（128× 白金），表示大約1.13億美元的出貨量。^[ 69 ]在此期間經歷了成功的其他藝術家包括克林特黑色，薩米克肖，亞倫TIPPIN，特拉維斯特里特，阿倫·傑克遜和新成立的二人組布魯克斯和鄧恩，喬治海峽，他的職業生涯開始於20世紀80年代，還不斷有廣泛的成功在這十年及以後。托比凱斯的職業生涯始於20世紀90年代較為流行化的鄉村歌手，演變成一個取締人物在20世紀90年代後期，我拉鏈條及其後續行動，偷跑。

女藝人如里巴伊泰，小餡餅無情，信仰山，瑪蒂娜麥克布萊德，迪納卡特，黎安萊姆絲，柯以敏麥克里迪，洛麗摩根，仙妮亞唐恩和瑪麗翠萍卡朋特發布的所有白金暢銷專輯在20世紀90年代。

在南方小雞成為20世紀90年代和21世紀初最流行 ​​的鄉村樂隊之一。他們1998年的首張專輯廣袤後來成為認證12倍鉑金，而他們的1999年冊飛後來成為10倍的鉑金。經過他們的第三張專輯，主頁，在2003年被釋放，因為樂隊的主唱做政治新聞部分娜塔莉麥恩斯的言論貶低當時的總統喬治·W·布什，而樂隊在海外（麥恩斯說，她和她的樂隊成員分別為慚愧是來自同一國家的布什，誰剛剛開始的伊拉克戰爭之前幾天）。該意見造成的樂隊和鄉村音樂的場景之間的裂痕，和樂隊的第四（，迄今為止，決賽）專輯，06年的經長期探索，採取了更加搖滾化的方向發展; 這張專輯在商業上成功的整體，但在很大程度上忽略了國家的觀眾之一。（目前該樂隊是在間隙為麥恩斯追求獨唱生涯，在此期間，其他兩名成員正繼續與自己身邊的項目，在庭院獵犬。）

在早期90年代中期，國家西部音樂由的普及影響排舞。這種影響力是如此之大，切特阿特金斯被引述說，“音樂已經變得非常糟糕，我想，這是所有該死的排舞。” ^[ 70 ]到了九十年代末，但是，至少有一個行舞蹈編導抱怨說，好國行的舞蹈音樂不再被釋放。

相比之下，藝術家，如唐·威廉斯和喬治·瓊斯誰曾或多或少通過20世紀70年代和80年代有一致的圖成功突然有了他們的財富迅速下降在1991年左右，因為這些新的藝術家上升到突出。

Sixth generation (2000s–present)[edit]

Richard Marx crossed over with his Days in Avalon album, which features five country songs and several singers and musicians. Alison Krauss sang background vocals to Marx's single "Straight from My Heart." Also, Bon Jovi had a hit single, "Who Says You Can't Go Home", with Jennifer Nettles of Sugarland. Kid Rock's collaboration with Sheryl Crow, "Picture," was a major crossover hit in 2001 and began Kid Rock's transition from hard rock to a country-rock hybrid that would later produce another major crossover hit, 2008's "All Summer Long." Darius Rucker, former frontman for the 1990s pop-rock band Hootie & the Blowfish, began a country solo career in the late 2000s, one that to date has produced three albums and several hits on both the country charts and the Billboard Hot 100. Singer-songwriterUnknown Hinson became famous for his appearance in the Charlotte television show Wild, Wild, South, after which Hinson started his own band and toured in southern states. Other rock stars who featured a country song on their albums were Don Henley and Poison.

In 2005, country singer Carrie Underwood rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol and became a multi-platinum selling recording artist and multiple Grammy Award winner. With her first single, "Inside Your Heaven", Underwood became the only country artist to have a #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 Songschart in the 2000-2009 decade. In 2007, Underwood won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist and became the first country artist in 10 years to win such award and the second of only three to ever win it. Underwood also made history by becoming the seventh woman to win Entertainer of the Year for the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the first woman in history to win the award twice, as well as twice consecutively. Underwood's debut album Some Hearts was not only the fastest-selling debut album by any country artist in history, but was ranked by Billboard.com as the #1 Country Album of the 2000-2009 decade. In 2010, Underwood sang with Brad Paisley at the Greenbrier Classic PGA Tour event. After this, they became good friends and released their duet "Remind Me" in 2011.

Underwood was one of several country stars produced by a television series in the 2000s. In addition to Underwood, American Idol launched the careers of Kellie Pickler, Josh Gracin, Bucky Covington, Kristy Lee Cook, Danny Gokey and Scotty McCreery (as well as that of occasional country singer Kelly Clarkson) in the decade, and would continue to launch country careers in the 2010s. The series Nashville Star, while not nearly as successful as Idol, did manage to bring Miranda Lambert and Chris Young to mainstream success, also launching the careers of lower-profile musicians such as Buddy Jewell, Sean Patrick McGraw, and Canadian musician George Canyon. Can You Duet? produced the duos Steel Magnolia and Joey + Rory.

Teen sitcoms also have had an impact on modern country music; in 2008, actress Jennette McCurdy (best known as the sidekick Sam on the teen sitcom iCarly) released her first single, "So Close", following that with the single "Generation Love" in 2011. Another teen sitcom star, Miley Cyrus (of Hannah Montana), also had a crossover hit in the late 2000s with "The Climb" and another with a duet with her father, Billy Ray Cyrus, with "Ready, Set, Don't Go." Jana Kramer, an actress in the teen drama One Tree Hill, released a country album in 2012 that has produced two hit singles as of 2013. Actress Hayden Panettiere began recording country songs as part of her role in the TV series Nashville; several have reached the lower ends of the top 40 of the country charts. Lucy Hale from the teen television seriesPretty Little Liars is releasing her debut country album, Road Betwenn in June 2014.

In 2010, the group Lady Antebellum won five Grammys, including the coveted Song of the Year and Record of the Year for "Need You Now".^[71]

A large number of duos and vocal groups have begun to emerge on the charts in the 2010s, many of which feature close harmony in the lead vocals. In addition to Lady Antebellum, groups such as The Quebe Sisters Band, Little Big Town, The Band Perry, Gloriana, Thompson Square, Eli Young Band and the Zac Brown Bandhave emerged to occupy a large portion of the new country artists in the popular scene.

Taylor Swift at the Time 100

One of the most commercially successful artists of the late 2000s and early 2010s has been singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Swift first became widely known in 2006 when her debut single, "Tim McGraw," was released when Swift was age 16 and has been prolific in releasing both pop and country singles since then. In 2006, Taylor released her first studio album, Taylor Swift, which spent 275 weeks on Billboard 200, one of the longest runs of any album on that chart. In 2008, Taylor Swift released her second studio album, Fearless, which made her the second-longest Number One charted on Billboard 200 and the second best-selling album (just behind Adele's 21) among this 5 year. At the 2010 Grammys, Taylor Swift was 20 and won Album of the Year forFearless, which made her the youngest artist to win this award. Swift had received seven Grammys already, which made her the most awarded country solo artist, although this includes her non-country songs as well. Buoyed by her teen idol status among girls and a change in the methodology of compiling the Billboard charts to favor pop-crossover songs, Swift's 2012 single "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" spent the most weeks at the top of Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart of any song in nearly five decades (although that benchmark would be surpassed almost immediately by Florida Georgia Line's "Cruise").

The influence of rock music in country has become more overt during the late 2000s and early 2010s as artists like Eric Church,Jason Aldean, and Brantley Gilbert have had success; Aaron Lewis, former frontman for the rock group Staind, had a moderately successful entry into country music in 2011 and 2012. Also rising in the late 2000s and early 2010s was the insertion of rap and spoken-word elements into country songs; artists such as Cowboy Troy and Colt Ford have focused almost exclusively on country rap (also known as hick hop) while other, more mainstream artists (such as Big & Rich and Jason Aldean) have used it on occasion.

Alt-country[edit]

Attempts to combine punk and country were pioneered by Jason and the Scorchers, and in the 1980s Southern Californian cowpunk scene with bands like the Long Ryders. These styles merged fully in Uncle Tupelo's 1990 LP No Depression, which is widely credited as being the first alt-country album, and gave its name to the online notice board, and eventually magazine, that underpinned that movement. Members and figures associated with Uncle Tupelo formed three major bands in the genre: Wilco, Son Volt, and Bottle Rockets. Other influential bands included Blue Mountain, Whiskeytown and Ryan Adams, Blood Oranges, Bright Eyes, Lucinda Williams, and Drive-By Truckers. Some alt-country songs have been crossover hits, including Ryan Adams's "When The Stars Go Blue," which charted when performed by Tim McGraw.

International[edit]

Canada[edit]

Outside of the United States, Canada has the largest country music fan and artist base, something that is to be expected given the two countries' proximity and cultural parallels. Mainstream country music is culturally ingrained in the prairie provinces, Ontario, and in Atlantic Canada.^[72] Celtic traditional music developed in Atlantic Canada in the form of Scottish, Acadian and Irish folk music popular amongst Irish, French and Scottish immigrants to Canada's Atlantic Provinces (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island).^[72] Like the southern United States and Appalachia, all four regions are of heavy British Isles stock and rural; as such, the development of traditional music in the Maritimes somewhat mirrored the development of country music in the US South and Appalachia. Country and Western music never really developed separately in Canada; however, after its introduction to Canada, following the spread of radio, it developed quite quickly out of the Atlantic Canadian traditional scene. While true Atlantic Canadian traditional music is very Celtic or "sea shanty" in nature, even today, the lines have often been blurred. Certain areas often are viewed as embracing one strain or the other more openly. For example, in Newfoundland the traditional music remains very unique and Irish in nature, whereas traditional musicians in other parts of the region may play both genres interchangeably.

Don Messer's Jubilee was a Halifax, Nova Scotia-based country/folk variety television show that was broadcast nationally from 1957 to 1969. In Canada it out-performed The Ed Sullivan Show broadcast from the United States and became the top-rated television show throughout much of the 1960s. Don Messer's Jubileefollowed a consistent format throughout its years, beginning with a tune named "Goin' to the Barndance Tonight", followed by fiddle tunes by Messer, songs from some of his "Islanders" including singers Marg Osburne and Charlie Chamberlain, the featured guest performance, and a closing hymn. It ended with "Till We Meet Again".

The guest performance slot gave national exposure to numerous Canadian folk musicians, including Stompin' Tom Connors and Catherine McKinnon. Some Maritime country performers went on to further fame beyond Canada. Hank Snow, Wilf Carter (also known as Montana Slim), and Anne Murray are the three most notable.

The cancellation of the show by the public broadcaster in 1969 caused a nationwide protest, including the raising of questions in the Parliament of Canada.

The Prairie provinces, due to their western cowboy and agrarian nature, are the true heartland of Canadian country music.^[72] While the Prairies never developed a traditional music culture anything like the Maritimes, the folk music of the Prairies often reflected the cultural origins of the settlers, who were a mix of Scottish,Ukrainian, German and others. For these reasons polkas and Western music were always popular in the region, and with the introduction of the radio, mainstream country music flourished. As the culture of the region is western and frontier in nature, the specific genre of country and western is more popular today in the Prairies than in any other part of the country. No other area of the country embraces all aspects of the culture, from two-step dancing, to the cowboy dress, to rodeos, to the music itself, like the Prairies do. The Atlantic Provinces, on the other hand, produce far more traditional musicians, but they are not usually specifically country in nature, usually bordering more on the folk or Celtic genres.^[72]

Many traditional country artists are present in eastern and western Canada. They make common use of fiddle and pedal steel guitar styles. Some notable Canadian country artists include Shania Twain, Anne Murray, k.d. lang, Gordon Lightfoot, Buffy Sainte-Marie, George Canyon, Blue Rodeo, Tommy Hunter, Rita MacNeil,Stompin' Tom Connors, Stan Rogers, Ronnie Prophet, Carroll Baker, The Rankin Family, Ian Tyson, Johnny Reid, Paul Brandt, Jason McCoy, George Fox, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Hank Snow, Don Messer, Wilf Carter, Michelle Wright, Terri Clark, Prairie Oyster, Family Brown, Johnny Mooring, Marg Osburne, Doc Walker,Emerson Drive, The Wilkinsons, Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans, Crystal Shawanda, Dean Brody, Shane Yellowbird, Gord Bamford, Chad Brownlee, The Road Hammers, and The Higgins.

Australia[edit]

Olivia Newton-Johnsinging in Sydney in 2008

Australian country music has a long tradition. Influenced by American country music, it has developed a distinct style, shaped by British and Irish folk ballads and Australian bush balladeers like Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson. Country instruments, including the guitar,banjo, fiddle and harmonica, create the distinctive sound of country music in Australia and accompany songs with strong storyline and memorable chorus.

Folk songs sung in Australia between the 1780s and 1920s, based around such themes as the struggle against government tyranny, or the lives of bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers, continue to influence the genre. This strain of Australian country, with lyrics focusing on Australian subjects, is generally known as "bush music" or "bush band music". "Waltzing Matilda", often regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem, is a quintessential Australian country song, influenced more by British and Irish folk ballads than by American country and western music. The lyrics were composed by the poet Banjo Paterson in 1895. Other popular songs from this tradition include "The Wild Colonial Boy", "Click Go the Shears", "The Queensland Drover" and "The Dying Stockman". Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways and trucking routes which link Australia's vast distances.^[73][74]

Pioneers of a more Americanised popular country music in Australia included Tex Morton (known as "The Father of Australian Country Music") in the 1930s. Other early stars included Buddy Williams, Shirley Thoms and Smoky Dawson. Buddy Williams (1918-1986) was the first Australian-born to record country music in Australia in the late 1930s and was the pioneer of a distinctly Australian style of country music called the bush ballad that others such as Slim Dusty would make popular in later years. During World War II, many of Buddy Williams recording sessions were done whilst on leave from the Army. At the end of the war, Williams would go on to operate some of the largest travelling tent rodeo shows Australia has ever seen.

In 1952, Dawson began a radio show and went on to national stardom as a singing cowboy of radio, TV and film. Slim Dusty (1927–2003) was known as the "King of Australian Country Music" and helped to popularise the Australian bush ballad. His successful career spanned almost six decades, and his 1957 hit "A Pub with No Beer" was the biggest-selling record by an Australian to that time, and with over seven million record sales in Australia he is the most successful artist in Australian musical history.^[75] Dusty recorded and released his one-hundredth album in the year 2000 and was given the honour of singing "Waltzing Matilda" in the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Dusty's wife Joy McKean penned several of his most popular songs.

Chad Morgan, who began recording in the 1950s, has represented a vaudeville style of comic Australian country; Frank Ifield achieved considerable success in the early 1960s, especially in the UK Singles Charts, and Reg Lindsay was one of the first Australians to perform at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry in 1974.^[76] Eric Bogle's 1972 folk lament to the Gallipoli Campaign "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda" recalled the British and Irish origins of Australian folk-country. Singer-songwriterPaul Kelly, whose music style straddles folk, rock, and country, is often described as the poet laureate of Australian music.^[77]

Keith Urban in 2007

By the 1990s, country music had attained crossover success in the pop charts, with artists like James Blundell and James Reyne singing "Way Out West", and country star Kasey Chambers winning the ARIA for Best Female Artist in 2003. The crossover influence of Australian country is also evident in the music of successful contemporary bands The Waifs and theJohn Butler Trio. Nick Cave has been heavily influenced by the country artist Johnny Cash. In 2000, Cash, covered Cave's "The Mercy Seat" on the album American III: Solitary Man, seemingly repaying Cave for the compliment he paid by covering Cash's "The Singer" (originally "The Folk Singer") on his Kicking Against the Pricks album. Subsequently, Cave cut a duet with Cash on a version of Hank Williams' "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" for Cash's American IV: The Man Comes Aroundalbum (2002).^[78]

Popular contemporary performers of Australian country music include John Williamson (who wrote the iconic "True Blue"),Lee Kernaghan (whose hits include "Boys from the Bush" and "The Outback Club"), Gina Jeffreys, Forever Road and Sara Storer. In the United States, Olivia Newton-John, Sherrié Austin and Keith Urban have attained great success.

Ruby Hunter and Archie Roach at the 2009 Tamworth Country Music Festival

Country music has been a particularly popular form of musical expression among Indigenous Australians. Troy Cassar-Daleyis among Australia's successful contemporary indigenous performers, and Kev Carmody and Archie Roach employ a combination of folk-rock and country music to sing about Aboriginal rights issues.^[79]

The Tamworth Country Music Festival began in 1973 and now attracts up to 100,000 visitors annually. Held in Tamworth, New South Wales (country music capital of Australia), it celebrates the culture and heritage of Australian country music. During the festival the CMAA holds the Country Music Awards of Australia ceremony awarding the Golden Guitar trophies.

Other significant country music festivals include the Whittlesea Country Music Festival (near Melbourne) and Boyup Brook Country Music Festival (Western Australia) in February; the Bamera Country Music Festival in June (South Australia), the National Country Muster held in Gympie during August, the Mildura Country Music Festival for "independent" performers during October, and the Canberra Country Music Festival held in the national capital during November. Some festivals are quite unique in their location: Grabine State Park in New South Wales promotes Australian country through the Grabine Music Muster Festival; Marilyns Country Music Festival is a unique event held in South Australia's Smoky Bay in September and is the only music festival in the world using an oyster barge as a stage.

Country HQ showcases new talent on the rise in the country music scene down under. CMC (the Country Music Channel), a 24 hour music channel dedicated to non-stop country music, can be viewed on pay TV and features once a year the Golden Guitar Awards, CMAs and CCMAs alongside international shows such asThe Wilkinsons, The Road Hammers, and Country Music Across America.

Other international country music[edit]

Tom Roland, from the Country Music Association International, explains country music's global popularity: "In this respect, at least, Country Music listeners around the globe have something in common with those in the United States. In Germany, for instance, Rohrbach identifies three general groups that gravitate to the genre: people intrigued with the American cowboy icon, middle-aged fans who seek an alternative to harder rock music and younger listeners drawn to the pop-influenced sound that underscores many current Country hits.”^[80]

One of the first Americans to perform country music abroad was George Hamilton IV. He was the first country musician to perform in the Soviet Union; he also toured in Australia and the Middle East. He was deemed the "International Ambassador of Country Music" for his contributions to the globalization of country music.^[81]Johnny Cash, Emmylou Harris, Keith Urban, and Dwight Yoakam have also made numerous international tours.^[80]

The Country Music Association undertakes various initiatives to promote country music internationally.^[80]

In the United Kingdom, a country-derived genre known as skiffle peaked in the 1950s thanks to the efforts of Lonnie Donegan; though the genre as a whole was very short-lived, most of the bands involved with the British Invasion began their careers as skiffle musicians.^[82] American country-western musician Slim Whitman was even more successful in the UK than he was in the United States during the same decade. With a handful of exceptions (such as the surprise success of Faron Young's top-5 UK hit "It's Four in the Morning," which did far better in the UK than the U.S. upon its 1971 release), country music has not been well received in the UK; when American country artists such as Garth Brooks, Dwight Yoakam and Alan Jackson started making transatlantic tours in the 1990s, they were treated largely with scorn by the British press. There is a signal exception to this general view of country music in the UK: in Glasgow, Scotland, with a large population with Irish andHighland ancestry, country music is popular enough to have created a demand for the city's own Grand Ole Opry club, which opened in 1974 and remains popular.^[83]

In South America, on the last weekend of September, the yearly San Pedro Country Music Festival^[84] takes place in the town of San Pedro, Argentina. The festival features bands from different places of Argentina, as well as international artists from Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and the United States.

In India, the Anglo-Indian community is well known for enjoying and performing country music. An annual concert festival called "Blazing Guitars"^[85] held in Chennaibrings together Anglo-Indian musicians from all over the country (including some who have emigrated to places like Australia).

In Ireland TG4 began a quest for Ireland's next country star called Glór Tíre, translated as "Country Voice". It is now in its sixth season and is one of TG4's most watched TV shows. Over the past ten years country and gospel recording artist James Kilbane has reached multi-platinum success with his mix of Christian and traditional country influenced albums. James Kilbane like many other Irish artists are today working closer with Nashville. A recent success in the Irish arena has beenCrystal Swing.

In Sweden, Rednex rose to stardom combining country music with electro-pop in the 1990s. In 1994, the group had a worldwide hit with their version of the traditional Southern tune "Cotton-Eyed Joe".

In Poland an international country music festival, known as Piknik Country (picnic country), has been organized in Mrągowo in Masuria since 1983.

There are more and more country music artists in France. Some of the most important are Liane Edwards, Annabel, Rockie Mountains, Tahiana, and Lili West. French rock and roll superstar Eddy Mitchell is also very inspired by Americana and country music.

In Iran, country music has appeared in recent years. According to Melody Music Magazine, the pioneer of country music in Iran is the English-speaking country music band Dream Rovers, whose founder, singer and songwriter is Erfan Rezayatbakhsh (elf).^[86] The band was formed in 2007 in Tehran,^[87] and during this time they have been trying to introduce and popularize country music in Iran by releasing two studio albums^[88] and performing live at concerts, despite the difficulties that the Islamic regime in Iran makes for bands that are active in the western music field.^[89]

Performers and shows[edit]

US cable television[edit]

Six U.S. cable TV networks are at least partly devoted to the genre: Country Music Television and CMT Pure Country (both owned by Viacom), Rural Free Delivery TV (owned by Rural Media Group), Great American Country (owned by the E. W. Scripps Company), Heartland (owned by Luken Communications), and ZUUS Country (owned by ZUUS Media).

The first American country music video cable channel was The Nashville Network, launched in the early 1980s. In 2000, after it and CMT fell under the same corporate ownership, the channel was renamed and reformatted as The National Network, a general-interest network, and eventually became Spike TV. TNN was later revived from 2012 to 2013 after Jim Owens Entertainment acquired the trademark and licensed it to Luken Communications; that channel renamed itself Heartland after Luken was embroiled in an unrelated dispute that left the company bankrupt.

Canadian television[edit]

Only one television channel is currently dedicated to country music in Canada: CMT (Canada) owned by Corus Entertainment (90%) and Viacom (10%). But in the past the show Don Messer's Jubilee had a great impact on country music in Canada; for instance, it was the program that launched Anne Murray's career.

Australian cable television[edit]

The only network dedicated to country music in Australia is the Country Music Channel owned by XYZnetworks.

第六代（2000 -至今）[ 編輯]

理查德·馬克思越過與他在Avalon天的專輯，它提供五個國家的歌曲和一些歌手和音樂家。艾莉森克勞斯唱合音馬克思單“直接從我的心。” 此外，邦喬維了單曲，“ 誰說你不能回家 “，與詹妮弗蕁麻的舒格蘭。搖滾小子的合作與Sheryl Crow的，“ 圖片 “，是一個重大的交叉創2001年開始搖滾小子的從硬搖滾到鄉村搖滾的混合以後將產生的又一重大交叉打擊，2008年的“過渡整個夏天。“ 大流士立德，前主唱為上世紀90年代流行搖滾樂隊胡蒂與河豚，開始在一個國家單飛2000年代後期，一個迄今已生產了三張專輯和幾命中在國家圖和Billboard Hot 100單曲兩者兼而有之。歌手，詞曲作者未知周子揚變得著名為他的出現在夏洛特電視節目狂野，南，之後周子揚開始他自己的樂隊，並參觀在南部各州。其他搖滾明星誰對他們的專輯特色鄉村歌曲是唐·亨利和毒藥。

2005年，鄉村歌手凱莉·安德伍德上升到成名作的第四個賽季的冠軍美國偶像，成為一個多白金暢銷唱片藝術家和多個格萊美獎得主。隨著她的首支單曲“ 裡面你的天堂“，安德伍德成為唯一國畫家有一個＃1命中在Billboard Hot 100單曲歌曲榜的2000-2009年的十年。2007年，安德伍德贏得了格萊美獎最佳新人獎，並成為第一個國畫家，10年來贏得這樣的獎項，只有三個第二有史以來贏得它。安德伍德也成為第七個女人贏得了年度藝人的創造了歷史的鄉村音樂學院獎和第一個女人在歷史上獲此殊榮的兩倍，以及連續兩次。安德伍德的首張專輯有些心不僅是銷售最快的首張專輯由歷史上任何國家的藝術家，但被排Billboard.com為2000-2009十年＃1鄉村專輯。2010年，安德伍德唱歌與布拉德佩斯利在綠薔薇精英賽 PGA巡迴賽。在此之後，他們成了好朋友，並發布了自己的二重奏“ 提醒我在2011年“。

安德伍德是幾個國家顆星一部電視連續劇在2000年代生產的。除了 ​​安德伍德，美國偶像推出的職業生涯凱利Pickler，喬希Gracin，巴基科文頓，克里斯蒂李庫克，丹尼·戈基和斯科蒂麥克里裡（以及偶爾的鄉村歌手凱麗·克拉克森的十年），並會繼續推出國家的事業在2010年代。該系列納什維爾之星，而幾乎沒有成功的偶像，還是設法把米蘭達蘭伯特和克里斯楊主流的成功，還推出的扁平比更低的音樂家，如職業生涯好友朱厄爾，肖恩·帕特里克·麥格勞和加拿大音樂家喬治峽谷。您可以二重奏？產生的二重奏鋼木蘭和喬伊+羅裡。

青少年情景喜劇也有對現代鄉村音樂的影響; 在2008年，女演員Jennette麥柯迪（最有名的在青少年情景喜劇的搭檔薩姆愛嘉莉）發行了她的第一首單曲，“夕陽天使”，下面，隨著單曲“ 愛的一代 “在2011年，另一位十幾歲的情景喜劇明星，麥莉賽勒斯（中孟漢娜），也有在2000年代後期交叉打正著“ 攀登 “，另一個與她的父親，一個二重奏比利雷賽勒斯，以“ 預備，不要去。“ 亞娜克萊默，在女演員青少年戲劇一樹山，發布了鄉村專輯在2012年已經產生了兩個單曲在2013年的女主角。海頓·潘妮蒂爾開始錄製的鄉村歌曲作為她的電視劇角色的一部分納什維爾 ; 數已經達到國排行榜前40的下端。露西海爾從青少年電視連續劇美少女的謊言被釋放了她的首張鄉村專輯，道Betwenn在2014年6月。

2010年，該集團Lady Antebellum的贏得五項格萊美獎，其中包括令人垂涎的年度歌曲和年度唱片為“ 現在需要你 “。^[ 71 ]

大量二重奏和聲樂組已經開始出現在排行榜上的2010年代，其中許多功能密切和諧的主唱。除了​​Lady Antebellum的，比如群體的Quebe姐妹樂隊，小小大鎮，樂隊佩里，Gloriana，湯普森廣場，以利年輕樂隊和扎克布朗樂隊都出現在流行佔據了新的國家的藝術家的很大一部分現場。

泰勒·斯威夫特的時間100

一個2000年代後期和2010年代初期的商業上最成功的藝術家已經創作歌手泰勒·斯威夫特。斯威夫特第一次成為家喻戶曉，2006年時，她的首支單曲，“ 蒂姆·麥格勞，“被當斯威夫特是16歲，一直在多產自那以後釋放這兩個流行和鄉村單曲發行。2006年，泰勒推出了她的第一張錄音室專輯，泰勒·斯威夫特，這花了275週在Billboard 200專輯榜的任何專輯的圖表上運行時間最長的一個。2008年，泰勒·斯威夫特發行了她的第二張錄音室專輯，霍元甲，這讓她的第二個最長的頭號繪製廣告牌200和第二最暢銷專輯（僅次於阿黛爾的21），這5年之一。在2010年的格萊美獎，泰勒·斯威夫特為20，並贏得了年度最佳專輯的霍元甲，這使她贏得這個獎項的最年輕的藝術家。雨燕曾獲得七項格萊美獎已經，這讓她獲獎最多的國家獨奏藝術家，但這其中包括她的非鄉村歌曲也是如此。她的鼓舞下玉女女孩中的地位和在編譯的方法改變廣告牌圖表青睞彈出式交叉歌曲，斯威夫特2012年的單曲“ 我們從來曾經一起回來“度過了最週在Billboard的頂部熱門鄉村歌曲圖在近五十年的任何一首歌曲（雖然基準將由幾乎立即超越了佛羅里達州佐治亞線的“巡航 “）。

的影響，搖滾音樂在2000年代後期和2010年代初期的藝術家一樣在全國已變得更加明顯埃里克教堂，賈森Aldean和布蘭特利吉爾伯特 ;已經成功亞倫·劉易斯，前主唱的搖滾樂隊STAIND，有一個比較成功的進入。到鄉村音樂，2011年和2012年同樣在2000年代後期和2010年代初期上升是插入說唱和講詞的元素融入到國家的歌曲; 藝術家，如牛仔特洛伊和柯爾特福特已經幾乎全部集中在國家說唱（也稱為鄉巴佬跳），而其他更主流的藝術家（如大與富和賈森Aldean）已經用它有時。

alt國家[ 編輯]

嘗試結合朋克和國家是由首創賈森和Scorchers，並在20世紀80年代南加州cowpunk現場樂隊一樣長賴德斯。這些樣式完全合併在圖珀洛的叔叔在1990年的LP 沒有抑鬱症，這是廣受讚譽並成為首批alt國家的專輯，並且給了它的名字到網上公告板，並最終雜誌，過去支持這一運動。與圖珀洛叔叔成員和數字形成三大樂隊的曲風：威爾科，兒子伏特，和瓶火箭。其他有影響力的樂隊包括藍山，威士基和萊恩·亞當斯，血橙，明亮的眼睛，露辛達·威廉姆斯，和偷渡式卡車司機。一些alt國家的歌曲已經交叉安打，包括瑞安·亞當斯的“ 當星星都寂寞 “，當它完成繪製蒂姆·麥格勞。

國際[ 編輯]

加拿大[ 編輯]

美國以外，加拿大擁有最大的鄉村音樂迷和藝術家基地，東西是可以預料的給兩國的接近和文化的相似之處。主流鄉村音樂的文化根深蒂固在草原省份，安大略省，並在加拿大大西洋地區。^[ 72 ] 凱爾特傳統音樂在蘇格蘭，阿卡迪亞和愛爾蘭民間音樂流行之間的愛爾蘭，法國和蘇格蘭移民到加拿大的大西洋形式制定了在大西洋加拿大省（紐芬蘭，新斯科舍省，新不倫瑞克省和愛德華王子島省。）^[ 72 ]像美國南部和阿巴拉契亞地區，所有四個地區是重英倫三島股票和農村; 因此，傳統音樂在濱海的發展有所反映，在美國南部和阿巴拉契亞鄉村音樂的發展。鄉村和西部音樂從來沒有真正獨立開發在加拿大; 不過，其介紹到加拿大後，在無線電的傳播，它發展得相當迅速出大西洋加拿大的傳統場景。而真正的大西洋加拿大的傳統音樂是非常凱爾特人或“ 海棚戶區 “的性質，即使在今天，線條常常被模糊。某些地區常常被看作是擁抱一個菌株或其他更公開。例如，在紐芬蘭傳統音樂仍然是非常獨特和愛爾蘭的性質，而在該地區的其他地方的傳統音樂家可以互換扮演兩個流派。

唐梅塞爾銀禧是哈利法克斯，新斯科舍省為基礎的國家/民間各種電視節目被全國廣播1957年至1969年，在加拿大也表現優於愛德Sullivan展示廣播從美國和整個成為了收視率最高的電視節目許多20世紀60年代。唐梅塞爾銀禧遵循了統一的格式在其整個年，一個名為“布萊恩'Barndance今晚的”調，其次是小提琴曲調由梅塞爾，從他的一些“島民”，包括歌手的歌曲開始瑪格Osburne和查理·張伯倫，特邀嘉賓表演，和一個封閉的讚歌。它結束了“ 直到再相會 “。

客人性能插槽給國家暴露在眾多的加拿大民間音樂家，包括Stompin'湯姆·康納斯和凱瑟琳·麥金農。一些海洋大國的表演又繼續超越加拿大進一步名聲大噪。漢克雪，維爾夫·卡特（又名蒙大拿州超薄），以及安妮·穆雷是三個最顯著的。

該節目由公營廣播機構在1969年取消引起了全國性的抗議活動，包括問題在加拿大國會的認識。

草原省份，由於他們的西部牛仔和土地性質，是加拿大鄉村音樂真正的中心地帶。^[ 72 ]雖然大草原從來沒有像發達的濱海傳統音樂文化的東西，大草原的民族音樂往往體現的文化淵源定居者，誰是一個混合的蘇格蘭，烏克蘭，德國等。由於這些原因波爾卡和西方音樂總是受歡迎的地區，並與引進的電台，主流鄉村音樂蓬勃發展。由於該地區的文化是西方和前沿性的，鄉村和西部的特定類型是現今比較流行的大草原比任何國家的其他部分。該國沒有其他領域涵蓋了文化的各個方面，從兩步跳舞，牛仔裙，牛仔競技表演來，到音樂本身，像大草原做。大西洋省份，而另一方面，生產更為傳統的音樂家，但他們通常不會在本質上明確國家，通常是在民間還是凱爾特風格接壤了。^[ 72 ]

許多傳統的鄉村藝人出現在加拿大東部和西部。他們共同利用的小提琴和踏板鋼吉他風格。一些著名的加拿大國家藝術家包括仙妮亞唐恩，安瑪莉，KD朗，戈登·萊特富特，捉鬼聖瑪麗，喬治峽谷，藍色圈地，湯米·亨特，麗塔麥克尼爾，Stompin'湯姆·康納斯，斯坦·羅傑斯，羅尼先知，卡羅爾·貝克，該蘭家庭，伊恩·泰森，約翰尼·雷德，保羅·勃蘭特，賈森·麥考伊，喬治福克斯，卡羅琳黎明約翰遜，漢克雪，唐·梅塞爾，維爾夫·卡特，米歇爾·賴特，特里·克拉克，草原牡蠣，家庭布朗，約翰尼系泊，瑪格Osburne，督沃克，艾默生變頻器，該Wilkinsons，路橋隆德和Hurtin'艾伯塔省，水晶Shawanda，院長布羅迪，巴蒂爾黃鸝鳥，和Gord班福德，乍得布朗利，該路錘，和希金斯。

澳大利亞[ 編輯]

奧利維亞牛頓約翰唱歌在悉尼2008年

澳大利亞鄉村音樂有著悠久的傳統。由美國鄉村音樂的影響，它已經開發出一種獨特的風格，塑造了英國和愛爾蘭民謠和澳大利亞叢林民謠歌手像亨利·勞森和班卓琴帕特森。國家文書，包括吉他，班卓琴，小提琴和口琴，建立鄉村音樂的獨特的聲音在澳大利亞和陪伴的歌曲具有很強的故事情節和令人難忘的合唱。

在傳唱澳大利亞18世紀80年代和20世紀20年代，圍繞這些主題為反對政府的鬥爭之間民歌暴政，或生活bushrangers，swagmen，場子，牧人和採煤機，繼續影響流派。這株澳大利亞國門，與抒情詩專注於澳大利亞的科目，通常被稱為“叢林音樂”或“ 叢林樂隊的音樂“。“ 瑪蒂爾達華爾茲“，往往被視為澳大利亞的非官方國歌，是一個典型的澳大利亞的鄉村歌曲，更影響了英國和愛爾蘭的民謠不是由美國鄉村和西部音樂。歌詞由詩人班卓帕特森於1895年組成，從這個傳統的其他受歡迎的歌曲包括“ 野生殖民地男孩 “，” 點擊進入剪刀 “，”昆士蘭放牛“和”垂死的斯托克曼“。後來該主題忍到現在，包括戰爭的經驗，乾旱和洪水的降雨，土著地位哪一個環節澳大利亞廣闊的距離鐵路和卡車運輸路線和。^{[ 73 ] [ 74 ]}

一個更美國化流行的鄉村音樂在澳大利亞的先驅包括特克斯莫頓在20世紀30年代（被稱為“澳大利亞鄉村音樂之父”）。其他早期的明星包括巴迪·威廉姆斯，雪莉·托馬斯和大煙道森。巴迪·威廉斯（1918-1986）是第一個澳大利亞出生到創紀錄的鄉村音樂在澳大利亞在30年代末期，是鄉村音樂的一個明顯的澳洲風格的先驅稱為叢林民謠，其他人如瘦多灰塵會使流行在以後年。二戰期間，許多好友威廉姆斯錄音工作被完成，同時在從軍隊離開。在戰爭結束後，威廉姆斯將繼續運行一些大型旅遊10噸圈地的展覽澳大利亞從未見過。

1952年，道森開始一個電台節目又到全國明星，作為廣播，電視和電影一個歌唱牛仔。修身達斯蒂（2027至03年），被稱為“國王澳大利亞鄉村音樂”，並幫助推廣澳大利亞叢林民謠。他成功的職業生涯跨越了近六十年，他的1957年熱播的“ 無啤酒酒吧 “是由澳大利亞向當時的最暢銷的記錄，並在澳大利亞超過700萬的銷售記錄，他是最成功的藝術家在澳大利亞音樂歷史。^[ 75 ]塵土飛揚錄製並發行了他的百分之一的專輯在2000年，被賦予的榮譽唱“的瑪蒂爾達華爾茲在閉幕式“ 2000年悉尼奧運會。塵土飛揚的妻子喜悅的McKean寫下他的幾個最流行 ​​的歌曲。

乍得摩根，誰開始記錄在20世紀50年代，一直代表著一種雜耍滑稽澳大利亞鄉村風格; 弗蘭克IFIELD在60年代初取得了相當的成功，特別是在英國單曲排行榜，並註冊林夕是第一個澳大利亞人之一在納什維爾的執行奧雷大劇院於1974年。^[ 76 ] 埃里克·博格爾的1972人感嘆到加利波利戰役 “ 而樂隊演奏華爾茲明德回憶說：“澳大利亞的民間國的英國和愛爾蘭起源。創作歌手保羅·凱利，他的音樂風格橫跨民謠，搖滾和鄉村，經常被描述為桂冠詩人澳大利亞的音樂。^[ 77 ]

凱斯·厄本在2007年

到了90年代，鄉村音樂的學生在流行音樂排行榜交叉的成功，藝術家如詹姆斯·布倫德爾和詹姆斯REYNE唱“ 出路西 “，而國星光凱西錢伯斯贏得了ARIA最佳女歌手，2003年，澳大利亞的交叉影響國家也是成功的當代樂隊的音樂明顯的流浪兒童和約翰·巴特勒三重奏。尼克洞一直深受國內藝術家的影響約翰尼·卡什。在2000年，現金，覆蓋洞的“ 施恩座 “上張專輯的美國三：孤獨的人，看似償還窟為他支付的覆蓋現金的“的歌手”（原“恭維的民間歌手在他“）踢反對刺專輯。隨後，洞切帶現金對唱上一個版本的漢克·威廉斯 “” 我是那麼寂寞我可以哭 “對現金的美國四：人惡有惡報。專輯（2002）^[ 78 ]

最受歡迎的當代表演澳洲鄉村音樂包括約翰·威廉姆森（誰寫的標誌性的“ 真藍 “），李克納漢（其名曲有“從布什男孩”和“ 傲虎俱樂部 “），吉娜·杰弗里斯，永道和薩拉·斯托勒。在美國，奧莉薇亞紐頓強，謝莉奧斯汀和凱斯厄已取得了巨大的成功。

紅寶石亨特和阿奇·羅奇在2009年塔姆沃思鄉村音樂節

鄉村音樂一直是一個特別受歡迎的音樂表現形式之間的澳大利亞原住民。特洛伊卡薩爾-戴利是澳大利亞成功的當代土著表演者，和凱文卡莫迪和阿奇羅奇採用的民謠搖滾和鄉村音樂的組合來唱原住民的人權問題。^[ 79 ]

在塔姆沃思鄉村音樂節始於1973年，現在吸引了每年10萬遊客。在舉行塔姆沃思，新南威爾士州（鄉村音樂澳大利亞首都），它慶祝的澳大利亞鄉村音樂的文化和遺產。節日期間全國工商聯併購公會持有澳大利亞鄉村音樂獎頒獎典禮上的金吉他獎杯。

其他顯著鄉村音樂節包括薩巴拉斯鄉村音樂節（近墨爾本）和Boyup溪鄉村音樂節（西澳大利亞州）二月; 該Bamera鄉村音樂節六月（南澳大利亞），民族國家穆斯特持金皮八月，在米爾迪拉鄉村音樂節十月在“獨立”的表演，和堪培拉鄉村音樂節十一期間，在全國省會舉行。有些節日是相當獨特的在自己的位置：Grabine國家公園在新南威爾士州通過Grabine音樂穆斯特節促進澳大利亞的國家; Marilyns鄉村音樂節是在南澳大利亞舉辦一個獨特的事件大煙灣九月份，是用牡蠣駁船作為舞台上唯一的音樂節在世界上。

國家總部展示在上升在全國樂壇新天賦下下來。CMC（在鄉村音樂頻道），致力於不停的鄉村音樂，24小時音樂頻道，可以上觀看付費電視，並配有每年一次的金吉他獎，CMAs的和抽樣方法委員會以及國際展覽，如該Wilkinsons，該路錘子，和鄉村音樂在整個美國。

其他國際鄉村音樂[ 編輯]

湯姆·羅蘭，從鄉村音樂協會國際解釋說，鄉村音樂在全球的普及：“在這方面，至少，全球各地的鄉村音樂的聽眾有共同的東西與美國在德國，例如，Rohrbach以確定了三個。這吸引到的體裁一般組：好奇的人與美國西部牛仔的圖標，中年球迷誰尋求替代硬搖滾音樂和年輕的聽眾吸引到強調目前許多國家擊中彈出聲音的影響“ ^[ 80 ]

其中的第一個美國人來執行國外鄉村音樂是喬治·漢密爾頓四。他是第一個國家音樂家在執行蘇聯 ; 他還參觀了在澳大利亞和中東地區。他被視為“鄉村音樂的國際大使 ​​”，他的貢獻全球化鄉村音樂。^[ 81 ]約翰尼·卡什，版Emmylou哈里斯，凱斯厄和德懷特YOAKAM也取得了眾多國際之旅。^[ 80 ]

在美國鄉村音樂協會承擔多項措施，以促進國際鄉村音樂。^[ 80 ]

在英國，一個國家衍生的流派被稱為噪音爵士在20世紀50年代達到頂峰感謝的努力朗尼尼根 ; 雖然體裁作為一個整體是很短暫的，大多參與了樂隊的英國入侵開始了自己的職業生涯的噪音爵士樂音樂家。^[ 82 ]美國西部鄉村音樂家超薄惠特曼更是成功的在英國比他在同樣的十年期間美國。與少數例外（如突擊成功的法龍年輕的前5英國打“這是凌晨四點，“在其1971年發布它確實好得多在英國比美國），鄉村音樂一直沒有深受英國; 當美國的國家的藝術家，如加思·布魯克斯，德懷特YOAKAM和阿倫·傑克遜開始做跨大西洋之旅在上世紀90年代，他們被英國媒體在很大程度上與處理輕蔑。有一個信號異常鄉村音樂在英國的這一普遍看法：在格拉斯哥，蘇格蘭，人口眾多愛爾蘭和高原血統，鄉村音樂是流行的，足以創造了城市本身的奧雷大俱樂部的要求，它於1974年開業，仍然深受市民歡迎。^[ 83 ]

在南美洲，9月的最後一個週末，每年的聖佩德羅鄉村音樂節^[ 84 ]發生在小鎮聖佩德羅，阿根廷。這個節日來自不同地方的樂隊阿根廷，以及來自國際藝術 ​​家巴西，烏拉圭，智利，秘魯和美國。

在印度的英印界是眾所周知的享受和表演鄉村音樂。所謂的“燃燒的吉他”的年度音樂會節^[ 85 ]在舉行奈帶來了來自全國各地（包括一些誰也移民到澳洲等地），英印音樂家在一起。

在愛爾蘭TG4開始尋求愛爾蘭的下一個國家星級稱為Glór輪胎，譯為“國家的聲音”。目前它在它的第六個賽季，是TG4最受矚目的電視節目之一。在過去十年的國家，福音錄音藝術家詹姆斯基爾巴尼已經達到多白金的成功與他的組合基督徒和傳統的鄉村影響專輯。詹姆斯基爾巴尼像其他許多愛爾蘭藝術家是當今正與納什維爾接近。最近的一個成功的愛爾蘭舞台上一直是水晶鞦韆。

在瑞典，REDNEX上 ​​升到明星相結合的鄉村音樂與電子流行在20世紀90年代。1994年，本集團擁有全球打擊他們的傳統南調“的版本棉眼喬 “。

在波蘭的國際鄉村音樂節，被稱為Piknik國家（野餐國家），已舉辦了Mrągowo的在馬祖裡自1983年以來。

有越來越多的鄉村音樂藝術家在法國。其中最重要的是藤本愛德華茲，安娜貝爾，ROCKIE山，Tahiana和麗麗西。法國搖滾巨星埃迪·米切爾也很靈感來自美洲和鄉村音樂。

在伊朗，鄉村音樂已經出現在最近幾年。根據旋律的音樂雜誌，鄉村音樂在伊朗的先驅是英 ​​語國家的樂隊夢流浪者，其創始人，歌手和詞曲作者是爾凡Rezayatbakhsh（小精靈）。^[ 86 ]成立樂隊於2007年在德黑蘭，^[ 87 ]，而在這段時間，他們一直在努力引進和推廣鄉村音樂在伊朗釋放2張錄音室專輯^[ 88 ]，並在演唱會現場表演，知難而進，在伊朗伊斯蘭政權使得樂隊是活躍在西部音樂領域。^[ 89 ]

表演者和表演[ 編輯]

美國有線電視[ 編輯]

六名美國有線電視網絡至少部分地致力於流派：鄉村音樂電視和CMT純國家（由雙方擁有維亞康姆），農村免費送貨電視（由農村傳媒集團所擁有），偉大的美國國家（所擁有的EW斯克里普斯公司），哈特蘭（所擁有盧肯通信），以及ZUUS國家（由ZUUS媒體擁有）。

首美國鄉村音樂電視的有線頻道是納什維爾網絡，在80年代初推出。在2000年，之後它和CMT同一公司的所有權下跌，通道被重新命名，並重新格式化為在全國網絡，一般的利益網絡，並最終成為斯派克電視。TNN後來從2012年恢復到2013年以後吉姆·歐文斯娛樂收購了商標，並授權給盧肯通信; 該頻道更名後的中心地帶盧肯被捲入該離開了公司破產的一個不相關的糾紛。

加拿大電視台[ 編輯]

只有一個電視頻道目前致力於鄉村音樂在加拿大：CMT（加拿大）所擁有Corus娛樂（90％）和維亞康姆（10％）。但在過去的展會唐梅塞爾銀禧對鄉村音樂在加拿大有很大的影響; 例如，它是啟動程序安妮·穆雷職業生涯。

澳大利亞的有線電視[ 編輯]

致力於鄉村音樂在澳大利亞唯一的網絡是鄉村音樂頻道所擁有XYZnetworks。